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671 | werner | 2 | /******************************************************************************************** |
3 | ** iLand - an individual based forest landscape and disturbance model |
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4 | ** http://iland.boku.ac.at |
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5 | ** Copyright (C) 2009- Werner Rammer, Rupert Seidl |
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6 | ** |
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7 | ** This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify |
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8 | ** it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
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9 | ** the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or |
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10 | ** (at your option) any later version. |
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11 | ** |
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12 | ** This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
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13 | ** but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
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14 | ** MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the |
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15 | ** GNU General Public License for more details. |
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16 | ** |
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17 | ** You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
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18 | ** along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
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19 | ********************************************************************************************/ |
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117 | Werner | 20 | #include "global.h" |
21 | #include "tree.h" |
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3 | Werner | 22 | |
83 | Werner | 23 | #include "grid.h" |
3 | Werner | 24 | |
83 | Werner | 25 | #include "stamp.h" |
90 | Werner | 26 | #include "species.h" |
189 | iland | 27 | #include "resourceunit.h" |
151 | iland | 28 | #include "model.h" |
468 | werner | 29 | #include "snag.h" |
38 | Werner | 30 | |
110 | Werner | 31 | // static varaibles |
106 | Werner | 32 | FloatGrid *Tree::mGrid = 0; |
151 | iland | 33 | HeightGrid *Tree::mHeightGrid = 0; |
40 | Werner | 34 | int Tree::m_statPrint=0; |
48 | Werner | 35 | int Tree::m_statAboveZ=0; |
105 | Werner | 36 | int Tree::m_statCreated=0; |
40 | Werner | 37 | int Tree::m_nextId=0; |
38 | |||
697 | werner | 39 | /** @class Tree |
40 | @ingroup core |
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41 | A tree is the basic simulation entity of iLand and represents a single tree. |
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42 | Trees in iLand are designed to be lightweight, thus the list of stored properties is limited. Basic properties |
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43 | are dimensions (dbh, height), biomass pools (stem, leaves, roots), the reserve NPP pool. Additionally, the location and species are stored. |
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44 | A Tree has a height of at least 4m; trees below this threshold are covered by the regeneration layer (see Sapling). |
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45 | Trees are stored in lists managed at the resource unit level. |
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158 | werner | 46 | |
697 | werner | 47 | */ |
257 | werner | 48 | |
158 | werner | 49 | /** get distance and direction between two points. |
50 | returns the distance (m), and the angle between PStart and PEnd (radians) in referenced param rAngle. */ |
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51 | float dist_and_direction(const QPointF &PStart, const QPointF &PEnd, float &rAngle) |
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151 | iland | 52 | { |
158 | werner | 53 | float dx = PEnd.x() - PStart.x(); |
54 | float dy = PEnd.y() - PStart.y(); |
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55 | float d = sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy); |
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56 | // direction: |
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57 | rAngle = atan2(dx, dy); |
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58 | return d; |
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151 | iland | 59 | } |
60 | |||
158 | werner | 61 | |
110 | Werner | 62 | // lifecycle |
3 | Werner | 63 | Tree::Tree() |
64 | { |
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149 | werner | 65 | mDbh = mHeight = 0; |
66 | mRU = 0; mSpecies = 0; |
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169 | werner | 67 | mFlags = mAge = 0; |
276 | werner | 68 | mOpacity=mFoliageMass=mWoodyMass=mCoarseRootMass=mFineRootMass=mLeafArea=0.; |
159 | werner | 69 | mDbhDelta=mNPPReserve=mLRI=mStressIndex=0.; |
264 | werner | 70 | mLightResponse = 0.; |
106 | Werner | 71 | mId = m_nextId++; |
105 | Werner | 72 | m_statCreated++; |
3 | Werner | 73 | } |
38 | Werner | 74 | |
407 | werner | 75 | float Tree::crownRadius() const |
76 | { |
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77 | Q_ASSERT(mStamp!=0); |
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78 | return mStamp->crownRadius(); |
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79 | } |
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80 | |||
476 | werner | 81 | float Tree::biomassBranch() const |
82 | { |
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83 | return mSpecies->biomassBranch(mDbh); |
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84 | } |
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85 | |||
158 | werner | 86 | void Tree::setGrid(FloatGrid* gridToStamp, Grid<HeightGridValue> *dominanceGrid) |
3 | Werner | 87 | { |
158 | werner | 88 | mGrid = gridToStamp; mHeightGrid = dominanceGrid; |
3 | Werner | 89 | } |
90 | |||
667 | werner | 91 | // calculate the thickness of the bark of the tree |
92 | double Tree::barkThickness() const |
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93 | { |
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94 | return mSpecies->barkThickness(mDbh); |
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95 | } |
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96 | |||
125 | Werner | 97 | /// dumps some core variables of a tree to a string. |
98 | QString Tree::dump() |
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99 | { |
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100 | QString result = QString("id %1 species %2 dbh %3 h %4 x/y %5/%6 ru# %7 LRI %8") |
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159 | werner | 101 | .arg(mId).arg(species()->id()).arg(mDbh).arg(mHeight) |
156 | werner | 102 | .arg(position().x()).arg(position().y()) |
125 | Werner | 103 | .arg(mRU->index()).arg(mLRI); |
104 | return result; |
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105 | } |
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3 | Werner | 106 | |
129 | Werner | 107 | void Tree::dumpList(DebugList &rTargetList) |
108 | { |
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159 | werner | 109 | rTargetList << mId << species()->id() << mDbh << mHeight << position().x() << position().y() << mRU->index() << mLRI |
276 | werner | 110 | << mWoodyMass << mCoarseRootMass << mFoliageMass << mLeafArea; |
129 | Werner | 111 | } |
112 | |||
38 | Werner | 113 | void Tree::setup() |
114 | { |
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106 | Werner | 115 | if (mDbh<=0 || mHeight<=0) |
38 | Werner | 116 | return; |
117 | // check stamp |
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159 | werner | 118 | Q_ASSERT_X(species()!=0, "Tree::setup()", "species is NULL"); |
119 | mStamp = species()->stamp(mDbh, mHeight); |
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505 | werner | 120 | if (!mStamp) { |
121 | throw IException("Tree::setup() with invalid stamp!"); |
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122 | } |
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110 | Werner | 123 | |
159 | werner | 124 | mFoliageMass = species()->biomassFoliage(mDbh); |
276 | werner | 125 | mCoarseRootMass = species()->biomassRoot(mDbh); // coarse root (allometry) |
126 | mFineRootMass = mFoliageMass * species()->finerootFoliageRatio(); // fine root (size defined by finerootFoliageRatio) |
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159 | werner | 127 | mWoodyMass = species()->biomassWoody(mDbh); |
110 | Werner | 128 | |
137 | Werner | 129 | // LeafArea[m2] = LeafMass[kg] * specificLeafArea[m2/kg] |
159 | werner | 130 | mLeafArea = mFoliageMass * species()->specificLeafArea(); |
276 | werner | 131 | mOpacity = 1. - exp(- Model::settings().lightExtinctionCoefficientOpacity * mLeafArea / mStamp->crownArea()); |
132 | mNPPReserve = (1+species()->finerootFoliageRatio())*mFoliageMass; // initial value |
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780 | werner | 133 | mDbhDelta = 0.1f; // initial value: used in growth() to estimate diameter increment |
376 | werner | 134 | |
38 | Werner | 135 | } |
39 | Werner | 136 | |
388 | werner | 137 | void Tree::setAge(const int age, const float treeheight) |
138 | { |
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139 | mAge = age; |
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140 | if (age==0) { |
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141 | // estimate age using the tree height |
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142 | mAge = mSpecies->estimateAge(treeheight); |
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143 | } |
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144 | } |
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145 | |||
110 | Werner | 146 | ////////////////////////////////////////////////// |
147 | //// Light functions (Pattern-stuff) |
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148 | ////////////////////////////////////////////////// |
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149 | |||
70 | Werner | 150 | #define NOFULLDBG |
77 | Werner | 151 | //#define NOFULLOPT |
39 | Werner | 152 | |
40 | Werner | 153 | |
158 | werner | 154 | void Tree::applyLIP() |
77 | Werner | 155 | { |
144 | Werner | 156 | if (!mStamp) |
157 | return; |
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106 | Werner | 158 | Q_ASSERT(mGrid!=0 && mStamp!=0 && mRU!=0); |
156 | werner | 159 | QPoint pos = mPositionIndex; |
106 | Werner | 160 | int offset = mStamp->offset(); |
77 | Werner | 161 | pos-=QPoint(offset, offset); |
162 | |||
163 | float local_dom; // height of Z* on the current position |
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164 | int x,y; |
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401 | werner | 165 | float value, z, z_zstar; |
106 | Werner | 166 | int gr_stamp = mStamp->size(); |
705 | werner | 167 | |
106 | Werner | 168 | if (!mGrid->isIndexValid(pos) || !mGrid->isIndexValid(pos+QPoint(gr_stamp, gr_stamp))) { |
407 | werner | 169 | // this should not happen because of the buffer |
77 | Werner | 170 | return; |
171 | } |
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705 | werner | 172 | int grid_y = pos.y(); |
77 | Werner | 173 | for (y=0;y<gr_stamp; ++y) { |
403 | werner | 174 | |
705 | werner | 175 | float *grid_value_ptr = mGrid->ptr(pos.x(), grid_y); |
176 | int grid_x = pos.x(); |
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177 | for (x=0;x<gr_stamp;++x, ++grid_x, ++grid_value_ptr) { |
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77 | Werner | 178 | // suppose there is no stamping outside |
106 | Werner | 179 | value = (*mStamp)(x,y); // stampvalue |
705 | werner | 180 | //if (value>0.f) { |
181 | local_dom = (*mHeightGrid)(grid_x/cPxPerHeight, grid_y/cPxPerHeight).height; |
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884 | werner | 182 | z = std::max(mHeight - (*mStamp).distanceToCenter(x,y), 0.f); // distance to center = height (45 degree line) |
705 | werner | 183 | z_zstar = (z>=local_dom)?1.f:z/local_dom; |
184 | value = 1. - value*mOpacity * z_zstar; // calculated value |
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185 | value = std::max(value, 0.02f); // limit value |
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77 | Werner | 186 | |
705 | werner | 187 | *grid_value_ptr *= value; |
188 | //} |
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403 | werner | 189 | |
77 | Werner | 190 | } |
403 | werner | 191 | grid_y++; |
77 | Werner | 192 | } |
193 | |||
194 | m_statPrint++; // count # of stamp applications... |
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195 | } |
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196 | |||
155 | werner | 197 | /// helper function for gluing the edges together |
198 | /// index: index at grid |
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199 | /// count: number of pixels that are the simulation area (e.g. 100m and 2m pixel -> 50) |
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200 | /// buffer: size of buffer around simulation area (in pixels) |
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295 | werner | 201 | inline int torusIndex(int index, int count, int buffer, int ru_index) |
155 | werner | 202 | { |
295 | werner | 203 | return buffer + ru_index + (index-buffer+count)%count; |
155 | werner | 204 | } |
62 | Werner | 205 | |
155 | werner | 206 | |
207 | /** Apply LIPs. This "Torus" functions wraps the influence at the edges of a 1ha simulation area. |
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208 | */ |
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158 | werner | 209 | void Tree::applyLIP_torus() |
155 | werner | 210 | { |
211 | if (!mStamp) |
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212 | return; |
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213 | Q_ASSERT(mGrid!=0 && mStamp!=0 && mRU!=0); |
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295 | werner | 214 | int bufferOffset = mGrid->indexAt(QPointF(0.,0.)).x(); // offset of buffer |
387 | werner | 215 | QPoint pos = QPoint((mPositionIndex.x()-bufferOffset)%cPxPerRU + bufferOffset, |
216 | (mPositionIndex.y()-bufferOffset)%cPxPerRU + bufferOffset); // offset within the ha |
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295 | werner | 217 | QPoint ru_offset = QPoint(mPositionIndex.x() - pos.x(), mPositionIndex.y() - pos.y()); // offset of the corner of the resource index |
155 | werner | 218 | |
219 | int offset = mStamp->offset(); |
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220 | pos-=QPoint(offset, offset); |
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221 | |||
222 | float local_dom; // height of Z* on the current position |
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223 | int x,y; |
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224 | float value; |
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225 | int gr_stamp = mStamp->size(); |
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226 | int grid_x, grid_y; |
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227 | float *grid_value; |
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228 | if (!mGrid->isIndexValid(pos) || !mGrid->isIndexValid(pos+QPoint(gr_stamp, gr_stamp))) { |
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229 | // todo: in this case we should use another algorithm!!! necessary???? |
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230 | return; |
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231 | } |
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407 | werner | 232 | float z, z_zstar; |
155 | werner | 233 | int xt, yt; // wraparound coordinates |
234 | for (y=0;y<gr_stamp; ++y) { |
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235 | grid_y = pos.y() + y; |
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387 | werner | 236 | yt = torusIndex(grid_y, cPxPerRU,bufferOffset, ru_offset.y()); // 50 cells per 100m |
155 | werner | 237 | for (x=0;x<gr_stamp;++x) { |
238 | // suppose there is no stamping outside |
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239 | grid_x = pos.x() + x; |
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387 | werner | 240 | xt = torusIndex(grid_x,cPxPerRU,bufferOffset, ru_offset.x()); |
155 | werner | 241 | |
387 | werner | 242 | local_dom = mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(xt/cPxPerHeight,yt/cPxPerHeight).height; |
407 | werner | 243 | |
884 | werner | 244 | z = std::max(mHeight - (*mStamp).distanceToCenter(x,y), 0.f); // distance to center = height (45 degree line) |
407 | werner | 245 | z_zstar = (z>=local_dom)?1.f:z/local_dom; |
155 | werner | 246 | value = (*mStamp)(x,y); // stampvalue |
407 | werner | 247 | value = 1. - value*mOpacity * z_zstar; // calculated value |
248 | // old: value = 1. - value*mOpacity / local_dom; // calculated value |
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155 | werner | 249 | value = qMax(value, 0.02f); // limit value |
250 | |||
251 | grid_value = mGrid->ptr(xt, yt); // use wraparound coordinates |
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252 | *grid_value *= value; |
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253 | } |
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254 | } |
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255 | |||
256 | m_statPrint++; // count # of stamp applications... |
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257 | } |
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258 | |||
74 | Werner | 259 | /** heightGrid() |
260 | This function calculates the "dominant height field". This grid is coarser as the fine-scaled light-grid. |
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261 | */ |
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262 | void Tree::heightGrid() |
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263 | { |
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264 | |||
387 | werner | 265 | QPoint p = QPoint(mPositionIndex.x()/cPxPerHeight, mPositionIndex.y()/cPxPerHeight); // pos of tree on height grid |
74 | Werner | 266 | |
151 | iland | 267 | // count trees that are on height-grid cells (used for stockable area) |
285 | werner | 268 | mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(p).increaseCount(); |
401 | werner | 269 | if (mHeight > mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(p).height) |
270 | mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(p).height=mHeight; |
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406 | werner | 271 | |
272 | int r = mStamp->reader()->offset(); // distance between edge and the center pixel. e.g.: if r = 2 -> stamp=5x5 |
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273 | int index_eastwest = mPositionIndex.x() % cPxPerHeight; // 4: very west, 0 east edge |
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274 | int index_northsouth = mPositionIndex.y() % cPxPerHeight; // 4: northern edge, 0: southern edge |
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275 | if (index_eastwest - r < 0) { // east |
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410 | werner | 276 | mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(p.x()-1, p.y()).height=qMax(mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(p.x()-1, p.y()).height,mHeight); |
406 | werner | 277 | } |
278 | if (index_eastwest + r >= cPxPerHeight) { // west |
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410 | werner | 279 | mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(p.x()+1, p.y()).height=qMax(mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(p.x()+1, p.y()).height,mHeight); |
406 | werner | 280 | } |
281 | if (index_northsouth - r < 0) { // south |
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410 | werner | 282 | mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(p.x(), p.y()-1).height=qMax(mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(p.x(), p.y()-1).height,mHeight); |
406 | werner | 283 | } |
284 | if (index_northsouth + r >= cPxPerHeight) { // north |
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410 | werner | 285 | mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(p.x(), p.y()+1).height=qMax(mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(p.x(), p.y()+1).height,mHeight); |
406 | werner | 286 | } |
287 | |||
288 | |||
401 | werner | 289 | // without spread of the height grid |
151 | iland | 290 | |
401 | werner | 291 | // // height of Z* |
292 | // const float cellsize = mHeightGrid->cellsize(); |
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293 | // |
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294 | // int index_eastwest = mPositionIndex.x() % cPxPerHeight; // 4: very west, 0 east edge |
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295 | // int index_northsouth = mPositionIndex.y() % cPxPerHeight; // 4: northern edge, 0: southern edge |
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296 | // int dist[9]; |
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297 | // dist[3] = index_northsouth * 2 + 1; // south |
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298 | // dist[1] = index_eastwest * 2 + 1; // west |
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299 | // dist[5] = 10 - dist[3]; // north |
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300 | // dist[7] = 10 - dist[1]; // east |
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301 | // dist[8] = qMax(dist[5], dist[7]); // north-east |
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302 | // dist[6] = qMax(dist[3], dist[7]); // south-east |
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303 | // dist[0] = qMax(dist[3], dist[1]); // south-west |
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304 | // dist[2] = qMax(dist[5], dist[1]); // north-west |
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305 | // dist[4] = 0; // center cell |
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306 | // /* the scheme of indices is as follows: if sign(ix)= -1, if ix<0, 0 for ix=0, 1 for ix>0 (detto iy), then: |
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307 | // index = 4 + 3*sign(ix) + sign(iy) transforms combinations of directions to unique ids (0..8), which are used above. |
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308 | // e.g.: sign(ix) = -1, sign(iy) = 1 (=north-west) -> index = 4 + -3 + 1 = 2 |
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309 | // */ |
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310 | // |
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311 | // |
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312 | // int ringcount = int(floor(mHeight / cellsize)) + 1; |
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313 | // int ix, iy; |
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314 | // int ring; |
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315 | // float hdom; |
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316 | // |
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317 | // for (ix=-ringcount;ix<=ringcount;ix++) |
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318 | // for (iy=-ringcount; iy<=+ringcount; iy++) { |
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319 | // ring = qMax(abs(ix), abs(iy)); |
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320 | // QPoint pos(ix+p.x(), iy+p.y()); |
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321 | // if (mHeightGrid->isIndexValid(pos)) { |
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322 | // float &rHGrid = mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(pos).height; |
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323 | // if (rHGrid > mHeight) // skip calculation if grid is higher than tree |
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324 | // continue; |
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325 | // int direction = 4 + (ix?(ix<0?-3:3):0) + (iy?(iy<0?-1:1):0); // 4 + 3*sgn(x) + sgn(y) |
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326 | // hdom = mHeight - dist[direction]; |
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327 | // if (ring>1) |
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328 | // hdom -= (ring-1)*10; |
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329 | // |
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330 | // rHGrid = qMax(rHGrid, hdom); // write value |
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331 | // } // is valid |
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332 | // } // for (y) |
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39 | Werner | 333 | } |
40 | Werner | 334 | |
407 | werner | 335 | void Tree::heightGrid_torus() |
336 | { |
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337 | // height of Z* |
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155 | werner | 338 | |
407 | werner | 339 | QPoint p = QPoint(mPositionIndex.x()/cPxPerHeight, mPositionIndex.y()/cPxPerHeight); // pos of tree on height grid |
340 | int bufferOffset = mHeightGrid->indexAt(QPointF(0.,0.)).x(); // offset of buffer (i.e.: size of buffer in height-pixels) |
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341 | p.setX((p.x()-bufferOffset)%10 + bufferOffset); // 10: 10 x 10m pixeln in 100m |
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342 | p.setY((p.y()-bufferOffset)%10 + bufferOffset); |
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155 | werner | 343 | |
407 | werner | 344 | |
345 | // torus coordinates: ru_offset = coords of lower left corner of 1ha patch |
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346 | QPoint ru_offset =QPoint(mPositionIndex.x()/cPxPerHeight - p.x(), mPositionIndex.y()/cPxPerHeight - p.y()); |
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347 | |||
348 | // count trees that are on height-grid cells (used for stockable area) |
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349 | HeightGridValue &v = mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(torusIndex(p.x(),10,bufferOffset,ru_offset.x()), |
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350 | torusIndex(p.y(),10,bufferOffset,ru_offset.y())); |
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351 | v.increaseCount(); |
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352 | v.height = qMax(v.height, mHeight); |
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353 | |||
354 | |||
355 | int r = mStamp->reader()->offset(); // distance between edge and the center pixel. e.g.: if r = 2 -> stamp=5x5 |
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356 | int index_eastwest = mPositionIndex.x() % cPxPerHeight; // 4: very west, 0 east edge |
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357 | int index_northsouth = mPositionIndex.y() % cPxPerHeight; // 4: northern edge, 0: southern edge |
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358 | if (index_eastwest - r < 0) { // east |
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359 | HeightGridValue &v = mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(torusIndex(p.x()-1,10,bufferOffset,ru_offset.x()), |
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360 | torusIndex(p.y(),10,bufferOffset,ru_offset.y())); |
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410 | werner | 361 | v.height = qMax(v.height, mHeight); |
407 | werner | 362 | } |
363 | if (index_eastwest + r >= cPxPerHeight) { // west |
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364 | HeightGridValue &v = mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(torusIndex(p.x()+1,10,bufferOffset,ru_offset.x()), |
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365 | torusIndex(p.y(),10,bufferOffset,ru_offset.y())); |
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410 | werner | 366 | v.height = qMax(v.height, mHeight); |
407 | werner | 367 | } |
368 | if (index_northsouth - r < 0) { // south |
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369 | HeightGridValue &v = mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(torusIndex(p.x(),10,bufferOffset,ru_offset.x()), |
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370 | torusIndex(p.y()-1,10,bufferOffset,ru_offset.y())); |
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410 | werner | 371 | v.height = qMax(v.height, mHeight); |
407 | werner | 372 | } |
373 | if (index_northsouth + r >= cPxPerHeight) { // north |
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374 | HeightGridValue &v = mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(torusIndex(p.x(),10,bufferOffset,ru_offset.x()), |
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375 | torusIndex(p.y()+1,10,bufferOffset,ru_offset.y())); |
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410 | werner | 376 | v.height = qMax(v.height, mHeight); |
407 | werner | 377 | } |
378 | |||
379 | |||
380 | |||
381 | |||
382 | // int index_eastwest = mPositionIndex.x() % cPxPerHeight; // 4: very west, 0 east edge |
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383 | // int index_northsouth = mPositionIndex.y() % cPxPerHeight; // 4: northern edge, 0: southern edge |
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384 | // int dist[9]; |
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385 | // dist[3] = index_northsouth * 2 + 1; // south |
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386 | // dist[1] = index_eastwest * 2 + 1; // west |
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387 | // dist[5] = 10 - dist[3]; // north |
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388 | // dist[7] = 10 - dist[1]; // east |
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389 | // dist[8] = qMax(dist[5], dist[7]); // north-east |
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390 | // dist[6] = qMax(dist[3], dist[7]); // south-east |
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391 | // dist[0] = qMax(dist[3], dist[1]); // south-west |
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392 | // dist[2] = qMax(dist[5], dist[1]); // north-west |
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393 | // dist[4] = 0; // center cell |
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394 | // /* the scheme of indices is as follows: if sign(ix)= -1, if ix<0, 0 for ix=0, 1 for ix>0 (detto iy), then: |
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395 | // index = 4 + 3*sign(ix) + sign(iy) transforms combinations of directions to unique ids (0..8), which are used above. |
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396 | // e.g.: sign(ix) = -1, sign(iy) = 1 (=north-west) -> index = 4 + -3 + 1 = 2 |
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397 | // */ |
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398 | // |
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399 | // |
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400 | // int ringcount = int(floor(mHeight / cellsize)) + 1; |
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401 | // int ix, iy; |
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402 | // int ring; |
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403 | // float hdom; |
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404 | // for (ix=-ringcount;ix<=ringcount;ix++) |
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405 | // for (iy=-ringcount; iy<=+ringcount; iy++) { |
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406 | // ring = qMax(abs(ix), abs(iy)); |
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407 | // QPoint pos(ix+p.x(), iy+p.y()); |
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408 | // QPoint p_torus(torusIndex(pos.x(),10,bufferOffset,ru_offset.x()), |
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409 | // torusIndex(pos.y(),10,bufferOffset,ru_offset.y())); |
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410 | // if (mHeightGrid->isIndexValid(p_torus)) { |
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411 | // float &rHGrid = mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(p_torus.x(),p_torus.y()).height; |
||
412 | // if (rHGrid > mHeight) // skip calculation if grid is higher than tree |
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413 | // continue; |
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414 | // int direction = 4 + (ix?(ix<0?-3:3):0) + (iy?(iy<0?-1:1):0); // 4 + 3*sgn(x) + sgn(y) |
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415 | // hdom = mHeight - dist[direction]; |
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416 | // if (ring>1) |
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417 | // hdom -= (ring-1)*10; |
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418 | // |
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419 | // rHGrid = qMax(rHGrid, hdom); // write value |
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420 | // } // is valid |
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421 | // } // for (y) |
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422 | } |
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423 | |||
424 | |||
718 | werner | 425 | /** reads the light influence field value for a tree. |
426 | The LIF field is scanned within the crown area of the focal tree, and the influence of |
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427 | the focal tree is "subtracted" from the LIF values. |
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428 | Finally, the "LRI correction" is applied. |
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429 | see http://iland.boku.ac.at/competition+for+light for details. |
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430 | */ |
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158 | werner | 431 | void Tree::readLIF() |
40 | Werner | 432 | { |
106 | Werner | 433 | if (!mStamp) |
155 | werner | 434 | return; |
435 | const Stamp *reader = mStamp->reader(); |
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436 | if (!reader) |
||
437 | return; |
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156 | werner | 438 | QPoint pos_reader = mPositionIndex; |
780 | werner | 439 | const float outside_area_factor = 0.1f; // |
155 | werner | 440 | |
441 | int offset_reader = reader->offset(); |
||
442 | int offset_writer = mStamp->offset(); |
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443 | int d_offset = offset_writer - offset_reader; // offset on the *stamp* to the crown-cells |
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444 | |||
445 | pos_reader-=QPoint(offset_reader, offset_reader); |
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40 | Werner | 446 | |
155 | werner | 447 | float local_dom; |
448 | |||
40 | Werner | 449 | int x,y; |
450 | double sum=0.; |
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155 | werner | 451 | double value, own_value; |
452 | float *grid_value; |
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403 | werner | 453 | float z, z_zstar; |
155 | werner | 454 | int reader_size = reader->size(); |
455 | int rx = pos_reader.x(); |
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456 | int ry = pos_reader.y(); |
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457 | for (y=0;y<reader_size; ++y, ++ry) { |
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458 | grid_value = mGrid->ptr(rx, ry); |
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459 | for (x=0;x<reader_size;++x) { |
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460 | |||
718 | werner | 461 | const HeightGridValue &hgv = mHeightGrid->constValueAtIndex((rx+x)/cPxPerHeight, ry/cPxPerHeight); // the height grid value, ry: gets ++ed in outer loop, rx not |
462 | local_dom = hgv.height; |
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884 | werner | 463 | z = std::max(mHeight - reader->distanceToCenter(x,y), 0.f); // distance to center = height (45 degree line) |
403 | werner | 464 | z_zstar = (z>=local_dom)?1.f:z/local_dom; |
155 | werner | 465 | |
403 | werner | 466 | own_value = 1. - mStamp->offsetValue(x,y,d_offset)*mOpacity * z_zstar; |
155 | werner | 467 | own_value = qMax(own_value, 0.02); |
468 | value = *grid_value++ / own_value; // remove impact of focal tree |
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720 | werner | 469 | // additional punishment if pixel is outside: |
718 | werner | 470 | if (hgv.isForestOutside()) |
720 | werner | 471 | value *= outside_area_factor; |
403 | werner | 472 | |
473 | //qDebug() << x << y << local_dom << z << z_zstar << own_value << value << *(grid_value-1) << (*reader)(x,y) << mStamp->offsetValue(x,y,d_offset); |
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155 | werner | 474 | //if (value>0.) |
475 | sum += value * (*reader)(x,y); |
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476 | |||
40 | Werner | 477 | } |
478 | } |
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155 | werner | 479 | mLRI = sum; |
426 | werner | 480 | // LRI correction... |
481 | double hrel = mHeight / mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(mPositionIndex.x()/cPxPerHeight, mPositionIndex.y()/cPxPerHeight).height; |
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482 | if (hrel<1.) |
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483 | mLRI = species()->speciesSet()->LRIcorrection(mLRI, hrel); |
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484 | |||
403 | werner | 485 | |
155 | werner | 486 | if (mLRI > 1.) |
487 | mLRI = 1.; |
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206 | werner | 488 | |
489 | // Finally, add LRI of this Tree to the ResourceUnit! |
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251 | werner | 490 | mRU->addWLA(mLeafArea, mLRI); |
206 | werner | 491 | |
155 | werner | 492 | //qDebug() << "Tree #"<< id() << "value" << sum << "Impact" << mImpact; |
40 | Werner | 493 | } |
494 | |||
155 | werner | 495 | /// Torus version of read stamp (glued edges) |
158 | werner | 496 | void Tree::readLIF_torus() |
78 | Werner | 497 | { |
106 | Werner | 498 | if (!mStamp) |
107 | Werner | 499 | return; |
106 | Werner | 500 | const Stamp *reader = mStamp->reader(); |
78 | Werner | 501 | if (!reader) |
107 | Werner | 502 | return; |
295 | werner | 503 | int bufferOffset = mGrid->indexAt(QPointF(0.,0.)).x(); // offset of buffer |
78 | Werner | 504 | |
387 | werner | 505 | QPoint pos_reader = QPoint((mPositionIndex.x()-bufferOffset)%cPxPerRU + bufferOffset, |
506 | (mPositionIndex.y()-bufferOffset)%cPxPerRU + bufferOffset); // offset within the ha |
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295 | werner | 507 | QPoint ru_offset = QPoint(mPositionIndex.x() - pos_reader.x(), mPositionIndex.y() - pos_reader.y()); // offset of the corner of the resource index |
508 | |||
78 | Werner | 509 | int offset_reader = reader->offset(); |
106 | Werner | 510 | int offset_writer = mStamp->offset(); |
78 | Werner | 511 | int d_offset = offset_writer - offset_reader; // offset on the *stamp* to the crown-cells |
512 | |||
513 | pos_reader-=QPoint(offset_reader, offset_reader); |
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514 | |||
515 | float local_dom; |
||
516 | |||
517 | int x,y; |
||
518 | double sum=0.; |
||
519 | double value, own_value; |
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520 | float *grid_value; |
||
407 | werner | 521 | float z, z_zstar; |
78 | Werner | 522 | int reader_size = reader->size(); |
523 | int rx = pos_reader.x(); |
||
524 | int ry = pos_reader.y(); |
||
155 | werner | 525 | int xt, yt; // wrapped coords |
526 | |||
397 | werner | 527 | for (y=0;y<reader_size; ++y) { |
528 | yt = torusIndex(ry+y,cPxPerRU, bufferOffset, ru_offset.y()); |
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78 | Werner | 529 | for (x=0;x<reader_size;++x) { |
387 | werner | 530 | xt = torusIndex(rx+x,cPxPerRU, bufferOffset, ru_offset.x()); |
155 | werner | 531 | grid_value = mGrid->ptr(xt,yt); |
407 | werner | 532 | |
387 | werner | 533 | local_dom = mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(xt/cPxPerHeight, yt/cPxPerHeight).height; // ry: gets ++ed in outer loop, rx not |
884 | werner | 534 | z = std::max(mHeight - reader->distanceToCenter(x,y), 0.f); // distance to center = height (45 degree line) |
407 | werner | 535 | z_zstar = (z>=local_dom)?1.f:z/local_dom; |
125 | Werner | 536 | |
407 | werner | 537 | own_value = 1. - mStamp->offsetValue(x,y,d_offset)*mOpacity * z_zstar; |
538 | // old: own_value = 1. - mStamp->offsetValue(x,y,d_offset)*mOpacity / local_dom; // old: dom_height; |
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78 | Werner | 539 | own_value = qMax(own_value, 0.02); |
407 | werner | 540 | value = *grid_value++ / own_value; // remove impact of focal tree |
541 | |||
397 | werner | 542 | // debug for one tree in HJA |
543 | //if (id()==178020) |
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544 | // qDebug() << x << y << xt << yt << *grid_value << local_dom << own_value << value << (*reader)(x,y); |
||
321 | werner | 545 | //if (_isnan(value)) |
546 | // qDebug() << "isnan" << id(); |
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397 | werner | 547 | if (value * (*reader)(x,y)>1.) |
548 | qDebug() << "LIFTorus: value>1."; |
||
78 | Werner | 549 | sum += value * (*reader)(x,y); |
550 | |||
551 | //} // isIndexValid |
||
552 | } |
||
553 | } |
||
106 | Werner | 554 | mLRI = sum; |
426 | werner | 555 | |
556 | // LRI correction... |
||
557 | double hrel = mHeight / mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(mPositionIndex.x()/cPxPerHeight, mPositionIndex.y()/cPxPerHeight).height; |
||
558 | if (hrel<1.) |
||
559 | mLRI = species()->speciesSet()->LRIcorrection(mLRI, hrel); |
||
560 | |||
561 | |||
615 | werner | 562 | if (isnan(mLRI)) { |
321 | werner | 563 | qDebug() << "LRI invalid (nan)!" << id(); |
564 | mLRI=0.; |
||
565 | //qDebug() << reader->dump(); |
||
566 | } |
||
148 | iland | 567 | if (mLRI > 1.) |
568 | mLRI = 1.; |
||
78 | Werner | 569 | //qDebug() << "Tree #"<< id() << "value" << sum << "Impact" << mImpact; |
205 | werner | 570 | |
571 | // Finally, add LRI of this Tree to the ResourceUnit! |
||
251 | werner | 572 | mRU->addWLA(mLeafArea, mLRI); |
58 | Werner | 573 | } |
574 | |||
155 | werner | 575 | |
40 | Werner | 576 | void Tree::resetStatistics() |
577 | { |
||
578 | m_statPrint=0; |
||
105 | Werner | 579 | m_statCreated=0; |
48 | Werner | 580 | m_statAboveZ=0; |
40 | Werner | 581 | m_nextId=1; |
582 | } |
||
107 | Werner | 583 | |
251 | werner | 584 | void Tree::calcLightResponse() |
585 | { |
||
586 | // calculate a light response from lri: |
||
298 | werner | 587 | // http://iland.boku.ac.at/individual+tree+light+availability |
470 | werner | 588 | double lri = limit(mLRI * mRU->LRImodifier(), 0., 1.); // Eq. (3) |
589 | mLightResponse = mSpecies->lightResponse(lri); // Eq. (4) |
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251 | werner | 590 | mRU->addLR(mLeafArea, mLightResponse); |
591 | |||
592 | } |
||
593 | |||
110 | Werner | 594 | ////////////////////////////////////////////////// |
595 | //// Growth Functions |
||
596 | ////////////////////////////////////////////////// |
||
107 | Werner | 597 | |
227 | werner | 598 | /** grow() is the main function of the yearly tree growth. |
599 | The main steps are: |
||
298 | werner | 600 | - Production of GPP/NPP @sa http://iland.boku.ac.at/primary+production http://iland.boku.ac.at/individual+tree+light+availability |
601 | - Partitioning of NPP to biomass compartments of the tree @sa http://iland.boku.ac.at/allocation |
||
227 | werner | 602 | - Growth of the stem http://iland.boku.ac.at/stem+growth (???) |
387 | werner | 603 | Further activties: * the age of the tree is increased |
604 | * the mortality sub routine is executed |
||
605 | * seeds are produced */ |
||
107 | Werner | 606 | void Tree::grow() |
607 | { |
||
159 | werner | 608 | TreeGrowthData d; |
169 | werner | 609 | mAge++; // increase age |
230 | werner | 610 | // step 1: get "interception area" of the tree individual [m2] |
611 | // the sum of all area of all trees of a unit equal the total stocked area * interception_factor(Beer-Lambert) |
||
612 | double effective_area = mRU->interceptedArea(mLeafArea, mLightResponse); |
||
107 | Werner | 613 | |
230 | werner | 614 | // step 2: calculate GPP of the tree based |
615 | // (1) get the amount of GPP for a "unit area" of the tree species |
||
616 | double raw_gpp_per_area = mRU->resourceUnitSpecies(species()).prod3PG().GPPperArea(); |
||
617 | // (2) GPP (without aging-effect) in kg Biomass / year |
||
618 | double raw_gpp = raw_gpp_per_area * effective_area; |
||
161 | werner | 619 | |
227 | werner | 620 | // apply aging according to the state of the individuum |
388 | werner | 621 | const double aging_factor = mSpecies->aging(mHeight, mAge); |
376 | werner | 622 | mRU->addTreeAging(mLeafArea, aging_factor); |
227 | werner | 623 | double gpp = raw_gpp * aging_factor; // |
608 | werner | 624 | d.NPP = gpp * cAutotrophicRespiration; // respiration loss (0.47), cf. Waring et al 1998. |
113 | Werner | 625 | |
279 | werner | 626 | //DBGMODE( |
137 | Werner | 627 | if (GlobalSettings::instance()->isDebugEnabled(GlobalSettings::dTreeNPP) && isDebugging()) { |
133 | Werner | 628 | DebugList &out = GlobalSettings::instance()->debugList(mId, GlobalSettings::dTreeNPP); |
629 | dumpList(out); // add tree headers |
||
299 | werner | 630 | out << mLRI * mRU->LRImodifier() << mLightResponse << effective_area << raw_gpp << gpp << d.NPP << aging_factor; |
133 | Werner | 631 | } |
279 | werner | 632 | //); // DBGMODE() |
217 | werner | 633 | if (d.NPP>0.) |
634 | partitioning(d); // split npp to compartments and grow (diameter, height) |
||
133 | Werner | 635 | |
387 | werner | 636 | // mortality |
200 | werner | 637 | if (Model::settings().mortalityEnabled) |
638 | mortality(d); |
||
110 | Werner | 639 | |
159 | werner | 640 | mStressIndex = d.stress_index; |
180 | werner | 641 | |
642 | if (!isDead()) |
||
257 | werner | 643 | mRU->resourceUnitSpecies(species()).statistics().add(this, &d); |
277 | werner | 644 | |
387 | werner | 645 | // regeneration |
460 | werner | 646 | mSpecies->seedProduction(mAge, mHeight, mPositionIndex); |
387 | werner | 647 | |
107 | Werner | 648 | } |
649 | |||
227 | werner | 650 | /** partitioning of this years assimilates (NPP) to biomass compartments. |
298 | werner | 651 | Conceptionally, the algorithm is based on Duursma, 2007. |
652 | @sa http://iland.boku.ac.at/allocation */ |
||
159 | werner | 653 | inline void Tree::partitioning(TreeGrowthData &d) |
115 | Werner | 654 | { |
159 | werner | 655 | double npp = d.NPP; |
115 | Werner | 656 | // add content of reserve pool |
116 | Werner | 657 | npp += mNPPReserve; |
159 | werner | 658 | const double foliage_mass_allo = species()->biomassFoliage(mDbh); |
276 | werner | 659 | const double reserve_size = foliage_mass_allo * (1. + mSpecies->finerootFoliageRatio()); |
297 | werner | 660 | double refill_reserve = qMin(reserve_size, (1. + mSpecies->finerootFoliageRatio())*mFoliageMass); // not always try to refill reserve 100% |
119 | Werner | 661 | |
136 | Werner | 662 | double apct_wood, apct_root, apct_foliage; // allocation percentages (sum=1) (eta) |
468 | werner | 663 | ResourceUnitSpecies &rus = mRU->resourceUnitSpecies(species()); |
117 | Werner | 664 | // turnover rates |
159 | werner | 665 | const double &to_fol = species()->turnoverLeaf(); |
666 | const double &to_root = species()->turnoverRoot(); |
||
136 | Werner | 667 | // the turnover rate of wood depends on the size of the reserve pool: |
116 | Werner | 668 | |
136 | Werner | 669 | |
163 | werner | 670 | double to_wood = refill_reserve / (mWoodyMass + refill_reserve); |
671 | |||
468 | werner | 672 | apct_root = rus.prod3PG().rootFraction(); |
261 | werner | 673 | d.NPP_above = d.NPP * (1. - apct_root); // aboveground: total NPP - fraction to roots |
298 | werner | 674 | double b_wf = species()->allometricRatio_wf(); // ratio of allometric exponents (b_woody / b_foliage) |
117 | Werner | 675 | |
676 | // Duursma 2007, Eq. (20) |
||
167 | werner | 677 | apct_wood = (foliage_mass_allo*to_wood/npp + b_wf*(1.-apct_root) - b_wf*foliage_mass_allo*to_fol/npp) / ( foliage_mass_allo/mWoodyMass + b_wf ); |
902 | werner | 678 | |
679 | apct_wood = limit(apct_wood, 0., 1.-apct_root); |
||
680 | |||
117 | Werner | 681 | apct_foliage = 1. - apct_root - apct_wood; |
682 | |||
163 | werner | 683 | |
902 | werner | 684 | DBGMODE( |
163 | werner | 685 | if (apct_foliage<0 || apct_wood<0) |
686 | qDebug() << "transfer to foliage or wood < 0"; |
||
687 | if (npp<0) |
||
688 | qDebug() << "NPP < 0"; |
||
902 | werner | 689 | ); |
163 | werner | 690 | |
136 | Werner | 691 | // Change of biomass compartments |
276 | werner | 692 | double sen_root = mFineRootMass * to_root; |
693 | double sen_foliage = mFoliageMass * to_fol; |
||
521 | werner | 694 | if (ru()->snag()) |
588 | werner | 695 | ru()->snag()->addTurnoverLitter(this->species(), sen_foliage, sen_root); |
298 | werner | 696 | |
136 | Werner | 697 | // Roots |
298 | werner | 698 | // http://iland.boku.ac.at/allocation#belowground_NPP |
276 | werner | 699 | mFineRootMass -= sen_root; // reduce only fine root pool |
700 | double delta_root = apct_root * npp; |
||
701 | // 1st, refill the fine root pool |
||
702 | double fineroot_miss = mFoliageMass * mSpecies->finerootFoliageRatio() - mFineRootMass; |
||
703 | if (fineroot_miss>0.){ |
||
704 | double delta_fineroot = qMin(fineroot_miss, delta_root); |
||
705 | mFineRootMass += delta_fineroot; |
||
706 | delta_root -= delta_fineroot; |
||
707 | } |
||
708 | // 2nd, the rest of NPP allocated to roots go to coarse roots |
||
595 | werner | 709 | double max_coarse_root = species()->biomassRoot(mDbh); |
276 | werner | 710 | mCoarseRootMass += delta_root; |
595 | werner | 711 | if (mCoarseRootMass > max_coarse_root) { |
712 | // if the coarse root pool exceeds the value given by the allometry, then the |
||
713 | // surplus is accounted as turnover |
||
714 | if (ru()->snag()) |
||
715 | ru()->snag()->addTurnoverWood(species(), mCoarseRootMass-max_coarse_root); |
||
119 | Werner | 716 | |
595 | werner | 717 | mCoarseRootMass = max_coarse_root; |
718 | } |
||
719 | |||
136 | Werner | 720 | // Foliage |
159 | werner | 721 | double delta_foliage = apct_foliage * npp - sen_foliage; |
137 | Werner | 722 | mFoliageMass += delta_foliage; |
615 | werner | 723 | if (isnan(mFoliageMass)) |
217 | werner | 724 | qDebug() << "foliage mass invalid!"; |
163 | werner | 725 | if (mFoliageMass<0.) mFoliageMass=0.; // limit to zero |
726 | |||
159 | werner | 727 | mLeafArea = mFoliageMass * species()->specificLeafArea(); // update leaf area |
119 | Werner | 728 | |
271 | werner | 729 | // stress index: different varaints at denominator: to_fol*foliage_mass = leafmass to rebuild, |
198 | werner | 730 | // foliage_mass_allo: simply higher chance for stress |
271 | werner | 731 | // note: npp = NPP + reserve (see above) |
276 | werner | 732 | d.stress_index =qMax(1. - (npp) / ( to_fol*foliage_mass_allo + to_root*foliage_mass_allo*species()->finerootFoliageRatio() + reserve_size), 0.); |
198 | werner | 733 | |
136 | Werner | 734 | // Woody compartments |
298 | werner | 735 | // see also: http://iland.boku.ac.at/allocation#reserve_and_allocation_to_stem_growth |
136 | Werner | 736 | // (1) transfer to reserve pool |
737 | double gross_woody = apct_wood * npp; |
||
738 | double to_reserve = qMin(reserve_size, gross_woody); |
||
739 | mNPPReserve = to_reserve; |
||
740 | double net_woody = gross_woody - to_reserve; |
||
137 | Werner | 741 | double net_stem = 0.; |
164 | werner | 742 | mDbhDelta = 0.; |
165 | werner | 743 | |
744 | |||
136 | Werner | 745 | if (net_woody > 0.) { |
746 | // (2) calculate part of increment that is dedicated to the stem (which is a function of diameter) |
||
159 | werner | 747 | net_stem = net_woody * species()->allometricFractionStem(mDbh); |
748 | d.NPP_stem = net_stem; |
||
137 | Werner | 749 | mWoodyMass += net_woody; |
136 | Werner | 750 | // (3) growth of diameter and height baseed on net stem increment |
159 | werner | 751 | grow_diameter(d); |
136 | Werner | 752 | } |
119 | Werner | 753 | |
279 | werner | 754 | //DBGMODE( |
137 | Werner | 755 | if (GlobalSettings::instance()->isDebugEnabled(GlobalSettings::dTreePartition) |
756 | && isDebugging() ) { |
||
129 | Werner | 757 | DebugList &out = GlobalSettings::instance()->debugList(mId, GlobalSettings::dTreePartition); |
758 | dumpList(out); // add tree headers |
||
136 | Werner | 759 | out << npp << apct_foliage << apct_wood << apct_root |
276 | werner | 760 | << delta_foliage << net_woody << delta_root << mNPPReserve << net_stem << d.stress_index; |
137 | Werner | 761 | } |
144 | Werner | 762 | |
279 | werner | 763 | //); // DBGMODE() |
497 | werner | 764 | DBGMODE( |
428 | werner | 765 | if (mWoodyMass<0. || mWoodyMass>50000 || mFoliageMass<0. || mFoliageMass>2000. || mCoarseRootMass<0. || mCoarseRootMass>30000 |
393 | werner | 766 | || mNPPReserve>4000.) { |
389 | werner | 767 | qDebug() << "Tree:partitioning: invalid or unlikely pools."; |
144 | Werner | 768 | qDebug() << GlobalSettings::instance()->debugListCaptions(GlobalSettings::DebugOutputs(0)); |
769 | DebugList dbg; dumpList(dbg); |
||
770 | qDebug() << dbg; |
||
497 | werner | 771 | } ); |
144 | Werner | 772 | |
136 | Werner | 773 | /*DBG_IF_X(mId == 1 , "Tree::partitioning", "dump", dump() |
774 | + QString("npp %1 npp_reserve %9 sen_fol %2 sen_stem %3 sen_root %4 net_fol %5 net_stem %6 net_root %7 to_reserve %8") |
||
775 | .arg(npp).arg(senescence_foliage).arg(senescence_stem).arg(senescence_root) |
||
776 | .arg(net_foliage).arg(net_stem).arg(net_root).arg(to_reserve).arg(mNPPReserve) );*/ |
||
129 | Werner | 777 | |
115 | Werner | 778 | } |
779 | |||
125 | Werner | 780 | |
134 | Werner | 781 | /** Determination of diamter and height growth based on increment of the stem mass (@p net_stem_npp). |
125 | Werner | 782 | Refer to XXX for equations and variables. |
783 | This function updates the dbh and height of the tree. |
||
227 | werner | 784 | The equations are based on dbh in meters! */ |
159 | werner | 785 | inline void Tree::grow_diameter(TreeGrowthData &d) |
119 | Werner | 786 | { |
787 | // determine dh-ratio of increment |
||
788 | // height increment is a function of light competition: |
||
125 | Werner | 789 | double hd_growth = relative_height_growth(); // hd of height growth |
153 | werner | 790 | double d_m = mDbh / 100.; // current diameter in [m] |
159 | werner | 791 | double net_stem_npp = d.NPP_stem; |
792 | |||
153 | werner | 793 | const double d_delta_m = mDbhDelta / 100.; // increment of last year in [m] |
115 | Werner | 794 | |
159 | werner | 795 | const double mass_factor = species()->volumeFactor() * species()->density(); |
153 | werner | 796 | double stem_mass = mass_factor * d_m*d_m * mHeight; // result: kg, dbh[cm], h[meter] |
123 | Werner | 797 | |
153 | werner | 798 | // factor is in diameter increment per NPP [m/kg] |
799 | double factor_diameter = 1. / ( mass_factor * (d_m + d_delta_m)*(d_m + d_delta_m) * ( 2. * mHeight/d_m + hd_growth) ); |
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125 | Werner | 800 | double delta_d_estimate = factor_diameter * net_stem_npp; // estimated dbh-inc using last years increment |
801 | |||
802 | // using that dbh-increment we estimate a stem-mass-increment and the residual (Eq. 9) |
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153 | werner | 803 | double stem_estimate = mass_factor * (d_m + delta_d_estimate)*(d_m + delta_d_estimate)*(mHeight + delta_d_estimate*hd_growth); |
137 | Werner | 804 | double stem_residual = stem_estimate - (stem_mass + net_stem_npp); |
125 | Werner | 805 | |
806 | // the final increment is then: |
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807 | double d_increment = factor_diameter * (net_stem_npp - stem_residual); // Eq. (11) |
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463 | werner | 808 | double res_final = 0.; |
809 | if (fabs(stem_residual) > 1.) { |
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465 | werner | 810 | |
463 | werner | 811 | // calculate final residual in stem |
812 | res_final = mass_factor * (d_m + d_increment)*(d_m + d_increment)*(mHeight + d_increment*hd_growth)-((stem_mass + net_stem_npp)); |
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813 | if (fabs(res_final)>1.) { |
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465 | werner | 814 | // for large errors in stem biomass due to errors in diameter increment (> 1kg), we solve the increment iteratively. |
463 | werner | 815 | // first, increase increment with constant step until we overestimate the first time |
816 | // then, |
||
817 | d_increment = 0.02; // start with 2cm increment |
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818 | bool reached_error = false; |
||
819 | double step=0.01; // step-width 1cm |
||
820 | double est_stem; |
||
821 | do { |
||
822 | est_stem = mass_factor * (d_m + d_increment)*(d_m + d_increment)*(mHeight + d_increment*hd_growth); // estimate with current increment |
||
823 | stem_residual = est_stem - (stem_mass + net_stem_npp); |
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824 | |||
825 | if (fabs(stem_residual) <1.) // finished, if stem residual below 1kg |
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826 | break; |
||
827 | if (stem_residual > 0.) { |
||
828 | d_increment -= step; |
||
829 | reached_error=true; |
||
830 | } else { |
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831 | d_increment += step; |
||
832 | } |
||
833 | if (reached_error) |
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834 | step /= 2.; |
||
835 | } while (step>0.00001); // continue until diameter "accuracy" falls below 1/100mm |
||
836 | } |
||
837 | } |
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838 | |||
839 | if (d_increment<0.f) |
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840 | qDebug() << "Tree::grow_diameter: d_inc < 0."; |
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144 | Werner | 841 | DBG_IF_X(d_increment<0. || d_increment>0.1, "Tree::grow_dimater", "increment out of range.", dump() |
125 | Werner | 842 | + QString("\nhdz %1 factor_diameter %2 stem_residual %3 delta_d_estimate %4 d_increment %5 final residual(kg) %6") |
843 | .arg(hd_growth).arg(factor_diameter).arg(stem_residual).arg(delta_d_estimate).arg(d_increment) |
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142 | Werner | 844 | .arg( mass_factor * (mDbh + d_increment)*(mDbh + d_increment)*(mHeight + d_increment*hd_growth)-((stem_mass + net_stem_npp)) )); |
125 | Werner | 845 | |
303 | werner | 846 | //DBGMODE( |
463 | werner | 847 | // do not calculate res_final twice if already done |
848 | DBG_IF_X( (res_final==0.?fabs(mass_factor * (d_m + d_increment)*(d_m + d_increment)*(mHeight + d_increment*hd_growth)-((stem_mass + net_stem_npp))):res_final) > 1, "Tree::grow_diameter", "final residual stem estimate > 1kg", dump()); |
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153 | werner | 849 | DBG_IF_X(d_increment > 10. || d_increment*hd_growth >10., "Tree::grow_diameter", "growth out of bound:",QString("d-increment %1 h-increment %2 ").arg(d_increment).arg(d_increment*hd_growth/100.) + dump()); |
158 | werner | 850 | |
137 | Werner | 851 | if (GlobalSettings::instance()->isDebugEnabled(GlobalSettings::dTreeGrowth) && isDebugging() ) { |
126 | Werner | 852 | DebugList &out = GlobalSettings::instance()->debugList(mId, GlobalSettings::dTreeGrowth); |
129 | Werner | 853 | dumpList(out); // add tree headers |
143 | Werner | 854 | out << net_stem_npp << stem_mass << hd_growth << factor_diameter << delta_d_estimate*100 << d_increment*100; |
126 | Werner | 855 | } |
153 | werner | 856 | |
303 | werner | 857 | //); // DBGMODE() |
125 | Werner | 858 | |
859 | d_increment = qMax(d_increment, 0.); |
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860 | |||
861 | // update state variables |
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153 | werner | 862 | mDbh += d_increment*100; // convert from [m] to [cm] |
863 | mDbhDelta = d_increment*100; // save for next year's growth |
||
864 | mHeight += d_increment * hd_growth; |
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158 | werner | 865 | |
866 | // update state of LIP stamp and opacity |
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159 | werner | 867 | mStamp = species()->stamp(mDbh, mHeight); // get new stamp for updated dimensions |
158 | werner | 868 | // calculate the CrownFactor which reflects the opacity of the crown |
200 | werner | 869 | const double k=Model::settings().lightExtinctionCoefficientOpacity; |
870 | mOpacity = 1. - exp(-k * mLeafArea / mStamp->crownArea()); |
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158 | werner | 871 | |
119 | Werner | 872 | } |
873 | |||
125 | Werner | 874 | |
875 | /// return the HD ratio of this year's increment based on the light status. |
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119 | Werner | 876 | inline double Tree::relative_height_growth() |
877 | { |
||
878 | double hd_low, hd_high; |
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879 | mSpecies->hdRange(mDbh, hd_low, hd_high); |
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880 | |||
125 | Werner | 881 | DBG_IF_X(hd_low>hd_high, "Tree::relative_height_growth", "hd low higher dann hd_high for ", dump()); |
882 | DBG_IF_X(hd_low < 20 || hd_high>250, "Tree::relative_height_growth", "hd out of range ", dump() + QString(" hd-low: %1 hd-high: %2").arg(hd_low).arg(hd_high)); |
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883 | |||
884 | // scale according to LRI: if receiving much light (LRI=1), the result is hd_low (for open grown trees) |
||
326 | werner | 885 | // use the corrected LRI (see tracker#11) |
886 | double lri = limit(mLRI * mRU->LRImodifier(),0.,1.); |
||
887 | double hd_ratio = hd_high - (hd_high-hd_low)*lri; |
||
125 | Werner | 888 | return hd_ratio; |
119 | Werner | 889 | } |
141 | Werner | 890 | |
278 | werner | 891 | /** This function is called if a tree dies. |
892 | @sa ResourceUnit::cleanTreeList(), remove() */ |
||
277 | werner | 893 | void Tree::die(TreeGrowthData *d) |
894 | { |
||
895 | setFlag(Tree::TreeDead, true); // set flag that tree is dead |
||
664 | werner | 896 | mRU->treeDied(); |
468 | werner | 897 | ResourceUnitSpecies &rus = mRU->resourceUnitSpecies(species()); |
898 | rus.statisticsDead().add(this, d); // add tree to statistics |
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903 | werner | 899 | markRemovedVolume(); |
521 | werner | 900 | if (ru()->snag()) |
901 | ru()->snag()->addMortality(this); |
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277 | werner | 902 | } |
903 | |||
903 | werner | 904 | /// remove a tree (most likely due to harvest) from the system. |
564 | werner | 905 | void Tree::remove(double removeFoliage, double removeBranch, double removeStem ) |
278 | werner | 906 | { |
907 | setFlag(Tree::TreeDead, true); // set flag that tree is dead |
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664 | werner | 908 | mRU->treeDied(); |
468 | werner | 909 | ResourceUnitSpecies &rus = mRU->resourceUnitSpecies(species()); |
910 | rus.statisticsMgmt().add(this, 0); |
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903 | werner | 911 | markRemovedVolume(); |
912 | |||
521 | werner | 913 | if (ru()->snag()) |
564 | werner | 914 | ru()->snag()->addHarvest(this, removeStem, removeBranch, removeFoliage); |
278 | werner | 915 | } |
916 | |||
713 | werner | 917 | /// remove the tree due to an special event (disturbance) |
903 | werner | 918 | /// this is +- the same as die(). |
713 | werner | 919 | void Tree::removeDisturbance(const double stem_to_soil_fraction, const double stem_to_snag_fraction, const double branch_to_soil_fraction, const double branch_to_snag_fraction, const double foliage_to_soil_fraction) |
920 | { |
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921 | setFlag(Tree::TreeDead, true); // set flag that tree is dead |
||
922 | mRU->treeDied(); |
||
923 | ResourceUnitSpecies &rus = mRU->resourceUnitSpecies(species()); |
||
714 | werner | 924 | rus.statisticsDead().add(this, 0); |
903 | werner | 925 | markRemovedVolume(); |
926 | |||
713 | werner | 927 | if (ru()->snag()) |
928 | ru()->snag()->addDisturbance(this, stem_to_snag_fraction, stem_to_soil_fraction, branch_to_snag_fraction, branch_to_soil_fraction, foliage_to_soil_fraction); |
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929 | } |
||
930 | |||
903 | werner | 931 | /// remove a part of the biomass of the tree, e.g. due to fire. |
932 | void Tree::removeBiomassOfTree(const double removeFoliageFraction, const double removeBranchFraction, const double removeStemFraction) |
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668 | werner | 933 | { |
934 | mFoliageMass *= 1. - removeFoliageFraction; |
||
935 | mWoodyMass *= (1. - removeStemFraction); |
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936 | // we have a problem with the branches: this currently cannot be done properly! |
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766 | werner | 937 | (void) removeBranchFraction; // silence warning |
668 | werner | 938 | } |
939 | |||
159 | werner | 940 | void Tree::mortality(TreeGrowthData &d) |
941 | { |
||
163 | werner | 942 | // death if leaf area is 0 |
943 | if (mFoliageMass<0.00001) |
||
944 | die(); |
||
945 | |||
308 | werner | 946 | double p_death, p_stress, p_intrinsic; |
947 | p_intrinsic = species()->deathProb_intrinsic(); |
||
948 | p_stress = species()->deathProb_stress(d.stress_index); |
||
949 | p_death = p_intrinsic + p_stress; |
||
707 | werner | 950 | double p = drandom(); //0..1 |
159 | werner | 951 | if (p<p_death) { |
952 | // die... |
||
953 | die(); |
||
954 | } |
||
955 | } |
||
141 | Werner | 956 | |
903 | werner | 957 | void Tree::markRemovedVolume() |
958 | { |
||
959 | // add the volume of the current tree to the height grid |
||
960 | mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(positionIndex().x()/cPxPerHeight, positionIndex().y()/cPxPerHeight ).removed_volume += (float) volume(); |
||
961 | } |
||
962 | |||
141 | Werner | 963 | ////////////////////////////////////////////////// |
964 | //// value functions |
||
965 | ////////////////////////////////////////////////// |
||
966 | |||
145 | Werner | 967 | double Tree::volume() const |
141 | Werner | 968 | { |
969 | /// @see Species::volumeFactor() for details |
||
159 | werner | 970 | const double volume_factor = species()->volumeFactor(); |
157 | werner | 971 | const double volume = volume_factor * mDbh*mDbh*mHeight * 0.0001; // dbh in cm: cm/100 * cm/100 = cm*cm * 0.0001 = m2 |
141 | Werner | 972 | return volume; |
973 | } |
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180 | werner | 974 | |
579 | werner | 975 | /// return the basal area in m2 |
180 | werner | 976 | double Tree::basalArea() const |
977 | { |
||
978 | // A = r^2 * pi = d/2*pi; from cm->m: d/200 |
||
979 | const double b = (mDbh/200.)*(mDbh/200.)*M_PI; |
||
980 | return b; |
||
981 | } |
||
668 | werner | 982 |