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1 | |||
671 | werner | 2 | /******************************************************************************************** |
3 | ** iLand - an individual based forest landscape and disturbance model |
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4 | ** http://iland.boku.ac.at |
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5 | ** Copyright (C) 2009- Werner Rammer, Rupert Seidl |
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6 | ** |
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7 | ** This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify |
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8 | ** it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
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9 | ** the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or |
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10 | ** (at your option) any later version. |
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11 | ** |
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12 | ** This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
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13 | ** but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
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14 | ** MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the |
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15 | ** GNU General Public License for more details. |
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16 | ** |
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17 | ** You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
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18 | ** along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
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19 | ********************************************************************************************/ |
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117 | Werner | 20 | #include "global.h" |
21 | #include "tree.h" |
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3 | Werner | 22 | |
83 | Werner | 23 | #include "grid.h" |
3 | Werner | 24 | |
83 | Werner | 25 | #include "stamp.h" |
90 | Werner | 26 | #include "species.h" |
189 | iland | 27 | #include "resourceunit.h" |
151 | iland | 28 | #include "model.h" |
468 | werner | 29 | #include "snag.h" |
38 | Werner | 30 | |
904 | werner | 31 | #include "forestmanagementengine.h" |
1044 | werner | 32 | #include "modules.h" |
904 | werner | 33 | |
1071 | werner | 34 | |
35 | |||
110 | Werner | 36 | // static varaibles |
106 | Werner | 37 | FloatGrid *Tree::mGrid = 0; |
151 | iland | 38 | HeightGrid *Tree::mHeightGrid = 0; |
40 | Werner | 39 | int Tree::m_statPrint=0; |
48 | Werner | 40 | int Tree::m_statAboveZ=0; |
105 | Werner | 41 | int Tree::m_statCreated=0; |
40 | Werner | 42 | int Tree::m_nextId=0; |
43 | |||
1071 | werner | 44 | #ifdef ALT_TREE_MORTALITY |
45 | double _stress_threshold = 0.05; |
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46 | int _stress_years = 5; |
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47 | double _stress_death_prob = 0.33; |
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48 | #endif |
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49 | |||
697 | werner | 50 | /** @class Tree |
51 | @ingroup core |
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52 | A tree is the basic simulation entity of iLand and represents a single tree. |
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53 | Trees in iLand are designed to be lightweight, thus the list of stored properties is limited. Basic properties |
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54 | are dimensions (dbh, height), biomass pools (stem, leaves, roots), the reserve NPP pool. Additionally, the location and species are stored. |
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55 | A Tree has a height of at least 4m; trees below this threshold are covered by the regeneration layer (see Sapling). |
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56 | Trees are stored in lists managed at the resource unit level. |
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158 | werner | 57 | |
697 | werner | 58 | */ |
257 | werner | 59 | |
158 | werner | 60 | /** get distance and direction between two points. |
61 | returns the distance (m), and the angle between PStart and PEnd (radians) in referenced param rAngle. */ |
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62 | float dist_and_direction(const QPointF &PStart, const QPointF &PEnd, float &rAngle) |
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151 | iland | 63 | { |
158 | werner | 64 | float dx = PEnd.x() - PStart.x(); |
65 | float dy = PEnd.y() - PStart.y(); |
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66 | float d = sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy); |
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67 | // direction: |
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68 | rAngle = atan2(dx, dy); |
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69 | return d; |
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151 | iland | 70 | } |
71 | |||
158 | werner | 72 | |
110 | Werner | 73 | // lifecycle |
3 | Werner | 74 | Tree::Tree() |
75 | { |
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149 | werner | 76 | mDbh = mHeight = 0; |
77 | mRU = 0; mSpecies = 0; |
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169 | werner | 78 | mFlags = mAge = 0; |
276 | werner | 79 | mOpacity=mFoliageMass=mWoodyMass=mCoarseRootMass=mFineRootMass=mLeafArea=0.; |
159 | werner | 80 | mDbhDelta=mNPPReserve=mLRI=mStressIndex=0.; |
264 | werner | 81 | mLightResponse = 0.; |
975 | werner | 82 | mStamp=0; |
106 | Werner | 83 | mId = m_nextId++; |
105 | Werner | 84 | m_statCreated++; |
3 | Werner | 85 | } |
38 | Werner | 86 | |
407 | werner | 87 | float Tree::crownRadius() const |
88 | { |
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89 | Q_ASSERT(mStamp!=0); |
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90 | return mStamp->crownRadius(); |
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91 | } |
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92 | |||
476 | werner | 93 | float Tree::biomassBranch() const |
94 | { |
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95 | return mSpecies->biomassBranch(mDbh); |
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96 | } |
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97 | |||
158 | werner | 98 | void Tree::setGrid(FloatGrid* gridToStamp, Grid<HeightGridValue> *dominanceGrid) |
3 | Werner | 99 | { |
158 | werner | 100 | mGrid = gridToStamp; mHeightGrid = dominanceGrid; |
3 | Werner | 101 | } |
102 | |||
667 | werner | 103 | // calculate the thickness of the bark of the tree |
104 | double Tree::barkThickness() const |
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105 | { |
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106 | return mSpecies->barkThickness(mDbh); |
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107 | } |
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108 | |||
125 | Werner | 109 | /// dumps some core variables of a tree to a string. |
110 | QString Tree::dump() |
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111 | { |
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112 | QString result = QString("id %1 species %2 dbh %3 h %4 x/y %5/%6 ru# %7 LRI %8") |
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159 | werner | 113 | .arg(mId).arg(species()->id()).arg(mDbh).arg(mHeight) |
156 | werner | 114 | .arg(position().x()).arg(position().y()) |
125 | Werner | 115 | .arg(mRU->index()).arg(mLRI); |
116 | return result; |
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117 | } |
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3 | Werner | 118 | |
129 | Werner | 119 | void Tree::dumpList(DebugList &rTargetList) |
120 | { |
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159 | werner | 121 | rTargetList << mId << species()->id() << mDbh << mHeight << position().x() << position().y() << mRU->index() << mLRI |
276 | werner | 122 | << mWoodyMass << mCoarseRootMass << mFoliageMass << mLeafArea; |
129 | Werner | 123 | } |
124 | |||
38 | Werner | 125 | void Tree::setup() |
126 | { |
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975 | werner | 127 | if (mDbh<=0 || mHeight<=0) { |
128 | throw IException(QString("Error: trying to set up a tree with invalid dimensions: dbh: %1 height: %2 id: %3 RU-index: %4").arg(mDbh).arg(mHeight).arg(mId).arg(mRU->index())); |
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129 | } |
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38 | Werner | 130 | // check stamp |
159 | werner | 131 | Q_ASSERT_X(species()!=0, "Tree::setup()", "species is NULL"); |
132 | mStamp = species()->stamp(mDbh, mHeight); |
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505 | werner | 133 | if (!mStamp) { |
134 | throw IException("Tree::setup() with invalid stamp!"); |
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135 | } |
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110 | Werner | 136 | |
159 | werner | 137 | mFoliageMass = species()->biomassFoliage(mDbh); |
276 | werner | 138 | mCoarseRootMass = species()->biomassRoot(mDbh); // coarse root (allometry) |
139 | mFineRootMass = mFoliageMass * species()->finerootFoliageRatio(); // fine root (size defined by finerootFoliageRatio) |
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159 | werner | 140 | mWoodyMass = species()->biomassWoody(mDbh); |
110 | Werner | 141 | |
137 | Werner | 142 | // LeafArea[m2] = LeafMass[kg] * specificLeafArea[m2/kg] |
159 | werner | 143 | mLeafArea = mFoliageMass * species()->specificLeafArea(); |
276 | werner | 144 | mOpacity = 1. - exp(- Model::settings().lightExtinctionCoefficientOpacity * mLeafArea / mStamp->crownArea()); |
145 | mNPPReserve = (1+species()->finerootFoliageRatio())*mFoliageMass; // initial value |
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780 | werner | 146 | mDbhDelta = 0.1f; // initial value: used in growth() to estimate diameter increment |
376 | werner | 147 | |
38 | Werner | 148 | } |
39 | Werner | 149 | |
388 | werner | 150 | void Tree::setAge(const int age, const float treeheight) |
151 | { |
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152 | mAge = age; |
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153 | if (age==0) { |
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154 | // estimate age using the tree height |
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155 | mAge = mSpecies->estimateAge(treeheight); |
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156 | } |
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157 | } |
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158 | |||
110 | Werner | 159 | ////////////////////////////////////////////////// |
160 | //// Light functions (Pattern-stuff) |
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161 | ////////////////////////////////////////////////// |
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162 | |||
70 | Werner | 163 | #define NOFULLDBG |
77 | Werner | 164 | //#define NOFULLOPT |
39 | Werner | 165 | |
40 | Werner | 166 | |
158 | werner | 167 | void Tree::applyLIP() |
77 | Werner | 168 | { |
144 | Werner | 169 | if (!mStamp) |
170 | return; |
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106 | Werner | 171 | Q_ASSERT(mGrid!=0 && mStamp!=0 && mRU!=0); |
156 | werner | 172 | QPoint pos = mPositionIndex; |
106 | Werner | 173 | int offset = mStamp->offset(); |
77 | Werner | 174 | pos-=QPoint(offset, offset); |
175 | |||
176 | float local_dom; // height of Z* on the current position |
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177 | int x,y; |
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401 | werner | 178 | float value, z, z_zstar; |
106 | Werner | 179 | int gr_stamp = mStamp->size(); |
705 | werner | 180 | |
106 | Werner | 181 | if (!mGrid->isIndexValid(pos) || !mGrid->isIndexValid(pos+QPoint(gr_stamp, gr_stamp))) { |
407 | werner | 182 | // this should not happen because of the buffer |
77 | Werner | 183 | return; |
184 | } |
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705 | werner | 185 | int grid_y = pos.y(); |
77 | Werner | 186 | for (y=0;y<gr_stamp; ++y) { |
403 | werner | 187 | |
705 | werner | 188 | float *grid_value_ptr = mGrid->ptr(pos.x(), grid_y); |
189 | int grid_x = pos.x(); |
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190 | for (x=0;x<gr_stamp;++x, ++grid_x, ++grid_value_ptr) { |
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77 | Werner | 191 | // suppose there is no stamping outside |
106 | Werner | 192 | value = (*mStamp)(x,y); // stampvalue |
705 | werner | 193 | //if (value>0.f) { |
194 | local_dom = (*mHeightGrid)(grid_x/cPxPerHeight, grid_y/cPxPerHeight).height; |
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884 | werner | 195 | z = std::max(mHeight - (*mStamp).distanceToCenter(x,y), 0.f); // distance to center = height (45 degree line) |
705 | werner | 196 | z_zstar = (z>=local_dom)?1.f:z/local_dom; |
197 | value = 1. - value*mOpacity * z_zstar; // calculated value |
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198 | value = std::max(value, 0.02f); // limit value |
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77 | Werner | 199 | |
705 | werner | 200 | *grid_value_ptr *= value; |
201 | //} |
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403 | werner | 202 | |
77 | Werner | 203 | } |
403 | werner | 204 | grid_y++; |
77 | Werner | 205 | } |
206 | |||
207 | m_statPrint++; // count # of stamp applications... |
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208 | } |
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209 | |||
155 | werner | 210 | /// helper function for gluing the edges together |
211 | /// index: index at grid |
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212 | /// count: number of pixels that are the simulation area (e.g. 100m and 2m pixel -> 50) |
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213 | /// buffer: size of buffer around simulation area (in pixels) |
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295 | werner | 214 | inline int torusIndex(int index, int count, int buffer, int ru_index) |
155 | werner | 215 | { |
295 | werner | 216 | return buffer + ru_index + (index-buffer+count)%count; |
155 | werner | 217 | } |
62 | Werner | 218 | |
155 | werner | 219 | |
220 | /** Apply LIPs. This "Torus" functions wraps the influence at the edges of a 1ha simulation area. |
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221 | */ |
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158 | werner | 222 | void Tree::applyLIP_torus() |
155 | werner | 223 | { |
224 | if (!mStamp) |
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225 | return; |
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226 | Q_ASSERT(mGrid!=0 && mStamp!=0 && mRU!=0); |
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295 | werner | 227 | int bufferOffset = mGrid->indexAt(QPointF(0.,0.)).x(); // offset of buffer |
387 | werner | 228 | QPoint pos = QPoint((mPositionIndex.x()-bufferOffset)%cPxPerRU + bufferOffset, |
229 | (mPositionIndex.y()-bufferOffset)%cPxPerRU + bufferOffset); // offset within the ha |
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295 | werner | 230 | QPoint ru_offset = QPoint(mPositionIndex.x() - pos.x(), mPositionIndex.y() - pos.y()); // offset of the corner of the resource index |
155 | werner | 231 | |
232 | int offset = mStamp->offset(); |
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233 | pos-=QPoint(offset, offset); |
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234 | |||
235 | float local_dom; // height of Z* on the current position |
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236 | int x,y; |
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237 | float value; |
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238 | int gr_stamp = mStamp->size(); |
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239 | int grid_x, grid_y; |
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240 | float *grid_value; |
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241 | if (!mGrid->isIndexValid(pos) || !mGrid->isIndexValid(pos+QPoint(gr_stamp, gr_stamp))) { |
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242 | // todo: in this case we should use another algorithm!!! necessary???? |
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243 | return; |
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244 | } |
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407 | werner | 245 | float z, z_zstar; |
155 | werner | 246 | int xt, yt; // wraparound coordinates |
247 | for (y=0;y<gr_stamp; ++y) { |
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248 | grid_y = pos.y() + y; |
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387 | werner | 249 | yt = torusIndex(grid_y, cPxPerRU,bufferOffset, ru_offset.y()); // 50 cells per 100m |
155 | werner | 250 | for (x=0;x<gr_stamp;++x) { |
251 | // suppose there is no stamping outside |
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252 | grid_x = pos.x() + x; |
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387 | werner | 253 | xt = torusIndex(grid_x,cPxPerRU,bufferOffset, ru_offset.x()); |
155 | werner | 254 | |
387 | werner | 255 | local_dom = mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(xt/cPxPerHeight,yt/cPxPerHeight).height; |
407 | werner | 256 | |
884 | werner | 257 | z = std::max(mHeight - (*mStamp).distanceToCenter(x,y), 0.f); // distance to center = height (45 degree line) |
407 | werner | 258 | z_zstar = (z>=local_dom)?1.f:z/local_dom; |
155 | werner | 259 | value = (*mStamp)(x,y); // stampvalue |
407 | werner | 260 | value = 1. - value*mOpacity * z_zstar; // calculated value |
261 | // old: value = 1. - value*mOpacity / local_dom; // calculated value |
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155 | werner | 262 | value = qMax(value, 0.02f); // limit value |
263 | |||
264 | grid_value = mGrid->ptr(xt, yt); // use wraparound coordinates |
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265 | *grid_value *= value; |
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266 | } |
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267 | } |
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268 | |||
269 | m_statPrint++; // count # of stamp applications... |
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270 | } |
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271 | |||
74 | Werner | 272 | /** heightGrid() |
273 | This function calculates the "dominant height field". This grid is coarser as the fine-scaled light-grid. |
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274 | */ |
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275 | void Tree::heightGrid() |
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276 | { |
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277 | |||
387 | werner | 278 | QPoint p = QPoint(mPositionIndex.x()/cPxPerHeight, mPositionIndex.y()/cPxPerHeight); // pos of tree on height grid |
74 | Werner | 279 | |
151 | iland | 280 | // count trees that are on height-grid cells (used for stockable area) |
285 | werner | 281 | mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(p).increaseCount(); |
401 | werner | 282 | if (mHeight > mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(p).height) |
283 | mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(p).height=mHeight; |
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406 | werner | 284 | |
285 | int r = mStamp->reader()->offset(); // distance between edge and the center pixel. e.g.: if r = 2 -> stamp=5x5 |
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286 | int index_eastwest = mPositionIndex.x() % cPxPerHeight; // 4: very west, 0 east edge |
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287 | int index_northsouth = mPositionIndex.y() % cPxPerHeight; // 4: northern edge, 0: southern edge |
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288 | if (index_eastwest - r < 0) { // east |
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410 | werner | 289 | mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(p.x()-1, p.y()).height=qMax(mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(p.x()-1, p.y()).height,mHeight); |
406 | werner | 290 | } |
291 | if (index_eastwest + r >= cPxPerHeight) { // west |
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410 | werner | 292 | mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(p.x()+1, p.y()).height=qMax(mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(p.x()+1, p.y()).height,mHeight); |
406 | werner | 293 | } |
294 | if (index_northsouth - r < 0) { // south |
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410 | werner | 295 | mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(p.x(), p.y()-1).height=qMax(mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(p.x(), p.y()-1).height,mHeight); |
406 | werner | 296 | } |
297 | if (index_northsouth + r >= cPxPerHeight) { // north |
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410 | werner | 298 | mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(p.x(), p.y()+1).height=qMax(mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(p.x(), p.y()+1).height,mHeight); |
406 | werner | 299 | } |
300 | |||
301 | |||
401 | werner | 302 | // without spread of the height grid |
151 | iland | 303 | |
401 | werner | 304 | // // height of Z* |
305 | // const float cellsize = mHeightGrid->cellsize(); |
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306 | // |
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307 | // int index_eastwest = mPositionIndex.x() % cPxPerHeight; // 4: very west, 0 east edge |
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308 | // int index_northsouth = mPositionIndex.y() % cPxPerHeight; // 4: northern edge, 0: southern edge |
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309 | // int dist[9]; |
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310 | // dist[3] = index_northsouth * 2 + 1; // south |
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311 | // dist[1] = index_eastwest * 2 + 1; // west |
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312 | // dist[5] = 10 - dist[3]; // north |
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313 | // dist[7] = 10 - dist[1]; // east |
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314 | // dist[8] = qMax(dist[5], dist[7]); // north-east |
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315 | // dist[6] = qMax(dist[3], dist[7]); // south-east |
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316 | // dist[0] = qMax(dist[3], dist[1]); // south-west |
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317 | // dist[2] = qMax(dist[5], dist[1]); // north-west |
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318 | // dist[4] = 0; // center cell |
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319 | // /* the scheme of indices is as follows: if sign(ix)= -1, if ix<0, 0 for ix=0, 1 for ix>0 (detto iy), then: |
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320 | // index = 4 + 3*sign(ix) + sign(iy) transforms combinations of directions to unique ids (0..8), which are used above. |
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321 | // e.g.: sign(ix) = -1, sign(iy) = 1 (=north-west) -> index = 4 + -3 + 1 = 2 |
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322 | // */ |
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323 | // |
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324 | // |
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325 | // int ringcount = int(floor(mHeight / cellsize)) + 1; |
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326 | // int ix, iy; |
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327 | // int ring; |
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328 | // float hdom; |
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329 | // |
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330 | // for (ix=-ringcount;ix<=ringcount;ix++) |
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331 | // for (iy=-ringcount; iy<=+ringcount; iy++) { |
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332 | // ring = qMax(abs(ix), abs(iy)); |
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333 | // QPoint pos(ix+p.x(), iy+p.y()); |
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334 | // if (mHeightGrid->isIndexValid(pos)) { |
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335 | // float &rHGrid = mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(pos).height; |
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336 | // if (rHGrid > mHeight) // skip calculation if grid is higher than tree |
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337 | // continue; |
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338 | // int direction = 4 + (ix?(ix<0?-3:3):0) + (iy?(iy<0?-1:1):0); // 4 + 3*sgn(x) + sgn(y) |
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339 | // hdom = mHeight - dist[direction]; |
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340 | // if (ring>1) |
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341 | // hdom -= (ring-1)*10; |
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342 | // |
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343 | // rHGrid = qMax(rHGrid, hdom); // write value |
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344 | // } // is valid |
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345 | // } // for (y) |
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39 | Werner | 346 | } |
40 | Werner | 347 | |
407 | werner | 348 | void Tree::heightGrid_torus() |
349 | { |
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350 | // height of Z* |
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155 | werner | 351 | |
407 | werner | 352 | QPoint p = QPoint(mPositionIndex.x()/cPxPerHeight, mPositionIndex.y()/cPxPerHeight); // pos of tree on height grid |
353 | int bufferOffset = mHeightGrid->indexAt(QPointF(0.,0.)).x(); // offset of buffer (i.e.: size of buffer in height-pixels) |
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354 | p.setX((p.x()-bufferOffset)%10 + bufferOffset); // 10: 10 x 10m pixeln in 100m |
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355 | p.setY((p.y()-bufferOffset)%10 + bufferOffset); |
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155 | werner | 356 | |
407 | werner | 357 | |
358 | // torus coordinates: ru_offset = coords of lower left corner of 1ha patch |
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359 | QPoint ru_offset =QPoint(mPositionIndex.x()/cPxPerHeight - p.x(), mPositionIndex.y()/cPxPerHeight - p.y()); |
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360 | |||
361 | // count trees that are on height-grid cells (used for stockable area) |
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362 | HeightGridValue &v = mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(torusIndex(p.x(),10,bufferOffset,ru_offset.x()), |
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363 | torusIndex(p.y(),10,bufferOffset,ru_offset.y())); |
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364 | v.increaseCount(); |
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365 | v.height = qMax(v.height, mHeight); |
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366 | |||
367 | |||
368 | int r = mStamp->reader()->offset(); // distance between edge and the center pixel. e.g.: if r = 2 -> stamp=5x5 |
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369 | int index_eastwest = mPositionIndex.x() % cPxPerHeight; // 4: very west, 0 east edge |
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370 | int index_northsouth = mPositionIndex.y() % cPxPerHeight; // 4: northern edge, 0: southern edge |
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371 | if (index_eastwest - r < 0) { // east |
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372 | HeightGridValue &v = mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(torusIndex(p.x()-1,10,bufferOffset,ru_offset.x()), |
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373 | torusIndex(p.y(),10,bufferOffset,ru_offset.y())); |
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410 | werner | 374 | v.height = qMax(v.height, mHeight); |
407 | werner | 375 | } |
376 | if (index_eastwest + r >= cPxPerHeight) { // west |
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377 | HeightGridValue &v = mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(torusIndex(p.x()+1,10,bufferOffset,ru_offset.x()), |
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378 | torusIndex(p.y(),10,bufferOffset,ru_offset.y())); |
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410 | werner | 379 | v.height = qMax(v.height, mHeight); |
407 | werner | 380 | } |
381 | if (index_northsouth - r < 0) { // south |
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382 | HeightGridValue &v = mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(torusIndex(p.x(),10,bufferOffset,ru_offset.x()), |
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383 | torusIndex(p.y()-1,10,bufferOffset,ru_offset.y())); |
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410 | werner | 384 | v.height = qMax(v.height, mHeight); |
407 | werner | 385 | } |
386 | if (index_northsouth + r >= cPxPerHeight) { // north |
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387 | HeightGridValue &v = mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(torusIndex(p.x(),10,bufferOffset,ru_offset.x()), |
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388 | torusIndex(p.y()+1,10,bufferOffset,ru_offset.y())); |
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410 | werner | 389 | v.height = qMax(v.height, mHeight); |
407 | werner | 390 | } |
391 | |||
392 | |||
393 | |||
394 | |||
395 | // int index_eastwest = mPositionIndex.x() % cPxPerHeight; // 4: very west, 0 east edge |
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396 | // int index_northsouth = mPositionIndex.y() % cPxPerHeight; // 4: northern edge, 0: southern edge |
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397 | // int dist[9]; |
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398 | // dist[3] = index_northsouth * 2 + 1; // south |
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399 | // dist[1] = index_eastwest * 2 + 1; // west |
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400 | // dist[5] = 10 - dist[3]; // north |
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401 | // dist[7] = 10 - dist[1]; // east |
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402 | // dist[8] = qMax(dist[5], dist[7]); // north-east |
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403 | // dist[6] = qMax(dist[3], dist[7]); // south-east |
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404 | // dist[0] = qMax(dist[3], dist[1]); // south-west |
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405 | // dist[2] = qMax(dist[5], dist[1]); // north-west |
||
406 | // dist[4] = 0; // center cell |
||
407 | // /* the scheme of indices is as follows: if sign(ix)= -1, if ix<0, 0 for ix=0, 1 for ix>0 (detto iy), then: |
||
408 | // index = 4 + 3*sign(ix) + sign(iy) transforms combinations of directions to unique ids (0..8), which are used above. |
||
409 | // e.g.: sign(ix) = -1, sign(iy) = 1 (=north-west) -> index = 4 + -3 + 1 = 2 |
||
410 | // */ |
||
411 | // |
||
412 | // |
||
413 | // int ringcount = int(floor(mHeight / cellsize)) + 1; |
||
414 | // int ix, iy; |
||
415 | // int ring; |
||
416 | // float hdom; |
||
417 | // for (ix=-ringcount;ix<=ringcount;ix++) |
||
418 | // for (iy=-ringcount; iy<=+ringcount; iy++) { |
||
419 | // ring = qMax(abs(ix), abs(iy)); |
||
420 | // QPoint pos(ix+p.x(), iy+p.y()); |
||
421 | // QPoint p_torus(torusIndex(pos.x(),10,bufferOffset,ru_offset.x()), |
||
422 | // torusIndex(pos.y(),10,bufferOffset,ru_offset.y())); |
||
423 | // if (mHeightGrid->isIndexValid(p_torus)) { |
||
424 | // float &rHGrid = mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(p_torus.x(),p_torus.y()).height; |
||
425 | // if (rHGrid > mHeight) // skip calculation if grid is higher than tree |
||
426 | // continue; |
||
427 | // int direction = 4 + (ix?(ix<0?-3:3):0) + (iy?(iy<0?-1:1):0); // 4 + 3*sgn(x) + sgn(y) |
||
428 | // hdom = mHeight - dist[direction]; |
||
429 | // if (ring>1) |
||
430 | // hdom -= (ring-1)*10; |
||
431 | // |
||
432 | // rHGrid = qMax(rHGrid, hdom); // write value |
||
433 | // } // is valid |
||
434 | // } // for (y) |
||
435 | } |
||
436 | |||
437 | |||
718 | werner | 438 | /** reads the light influence field value for a tree. |
439 | The LIF field is scanned within the crown area of the focal tree, and the influence of |
||
440 | the focal tree is "subtracted" from the LIF values. |
||
441 | Finally, the "LRI correction" is applied. |
||
442 | see http://iland.boku.ac.at/competition+for+light for details. |
||
443 | */ |
||
158 | werner | 444 | void Tree::readLIF() |
40 | Werner | 445 | { |
106 | Werner | 446 | if (!mStamp) |
155 | werner | 447 | return; |
448 | const Stamp *reader = mStamp->reader(); |
||
449 | if (!reader) |
||
450 | return; |
||
156 | werner | 451 | QPoint pos_reader = mPositionIndex; |
780 | werner | 452 | const float outside_area_factor = 0.1f; // |
155 | werner | 453 | |
454 | int offset_reader = reader->offset(); |
||
455 | int offset_writer = mStamp->offset(); |
||
456 | int d_offset = offset_writer - offset_reader; // offset on the *stamp* to the crown-cells |
||
457 | |||
458 | pos_reader-=QPoint(offset_reader, offset_reader); |
||
40 | Werner | 459 | |
155 | werner | 460 | float local_dom; |
461 | |||
40 | Werner | 462 | int x,y; |
463 | double sum=0.; |
||
155 | werner | 464 | double value, own_value; |
465 | float *grid_value; |
||
403 | werner | 466 | float z, z_zstar; |
155 | werner | 467 | int reader_size = reader->size(); |
468 | int rx = pos_reader.x(); |
||
469 | int ry = pos_reader.y(); |
||
470 | for (y=0;y<reader_size; ++y, ++ry) { |
||
471 | grid_value = mGrid->ptr(rx, ry); |
||
472 | for (x=0;x<reader_size;++x) { |
||
473 | |||
718 | werner | 474 | const HeightGridValue &hgv = mHeightGrid->constValueAtIndex((rx+x)/cPxPerHeight, ry/cPxPerHeight); // the height grid value, ry: gets ++ed in outer loop, rx not |
475 | local_dom = hgv.height; |
||
884 | werner | 476 | z = std::max(mHeight - reader->distanceToCenter(x,y), 0.f); // distance to center = height (45 degree line) |
403 | werner | 477 | z_zstar = (z>=local_dom)?1.f:z/local_dom; |
155 | werner | 478 | |
403 | werner | 479 | own_value = 1. - mStamp->offsetValue(x,y,d_offset)*mOpacity * z_zstar; |
155 | werner | 480 | own_value = qMax(own_value, 0.02); |
481 | value = *grid_value++ / own_value; // remove impact of focal tree |
||
720 | werner | 482 | // additional punishment if pixel is outside: |
718 | werner | 483 | if (hgv.isForestOutside()) |
720 | werner | 484 | value *= outside_area_factor; |
403 | werner | 485 | |
486 | //qDebug() << x << y << local_dom << z << z_zstar << own_value << value << *(grid_value-1) << (*reader)(x,y) << mStamp->offsetValue(x,y,d_offset); |
||
155 | werner | 487 | //if (value>0.) |
488 | sum += value * (*reader)(x,y); |
||
489 | |||
40 | Werner | 490 | } |
491 | } |
||
155 | werner | 492 | mLRI = sum; |
426 | werner | 493 | // LRI correction... |
494 | double hrel = mHeight / mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(mPositionIndex.x()/cPxPerHeight, mPositionIndex.y()/cPxPerHeight).height; |
||
495 | if (hrel<1.) |
||
496 | mLRI = species()->speciesSet()->LRIcorrection(mLRI, hrel); |
||
497 | |||
403 | werner | 498 | |
155 | werner | 499 | if (mLRI > 1.) |
500 | mLRI = 1.; |
||
206 | werner | 501 | |
502 | // Finally, add LRI of this Tree to the ResourceUnit! |
||
251 | werner | 503 | mRU->addWLA(mLeafArea, mLRI); |
206 | werner | 504 | |
155 | werner | 505 | //qDebug() << "Tree #"<< id() << "value" << sum << "Impact" << mImpact; |
40 | Werner | 506 | } |
507 | |||
155 | werner | 508 | /// Torus version of read stamp (glued edges) |
158 | werner | 509 | void Tree::readLIF_torus() |
78 | Werner | 510 | { |
106 | Werner | 511 | if (!mStamp) |
107 | Werner | 512 | return; |
106 | Werner | 513 | const Stamp *reader = mStamp->reader(); |
78 | Werner | 514 | if (!reader) |
107 | Werner | 515 | return; |
295 | werner | 516 | int bufferOffset = mGrid->indexAt(QPointF(0.,0.)).x(); // offset of buffer |
78 | Werner | 517 | |
387 | werner | 518 | QPoint pos_reader = QPoint((mPositionIndex.x()-bufferOffset)%cPxPerRU + bufferOffset, |
519 | (mPositionIndex.y()-bufferOffset)%cPxPerRU + bufferOffset); // offset within the ha |
||
295 | werner | 520 | QPoint ru_offset = QPoint(mPositionIndex.x() - pos_reader.x(), mPositionIndex.y() - pos_reader.y()); // offset of the corner of the resource index |
521 | |||
78 | Werner | 522 | int offset_reader = reader->offset(); |
106 | Werner | 523 | int offset_writer = mStamp->offset(); |
78 | Werner | 524 | int d_offset = offset_writer - offset_reader; // offset on the *stamp* to the crown-cells |
525 | |||
526 | pos_reader-=QPoint(offset_reader, offset_reader); |
||
527 | |||
528 | float local_dom; |
||
529 | |||
530 | int x,y; |
||
531 | double sum=0.; |
||
532 | double value, own_value; |
||
533 | float *grid_value; |
||
407 | werner | 534 | float z, z_zstar; |
78 | Werner | 535 | int reader_size = reader->size(); |
536 | int rx = pos_reader.x(); |
||
537 | int ry = pos_reader.y(); |
||
155 | werner | 538 | int xt, yt; // wrapped coords |
539 | |||
397 | werner | 540 | for (y=0;y<reader_size; ++y) { |
541 | yt = torusIndex(ry+y,cPxPerRU, bufferOffset, ru_offset.y()); |
||
78 | Werner | 542 | for (x=0;x<reader_size;++x) { |
387 | werner | 543 | xt = torusIndex(rx+x,cPxPerRU, bufferOffset, ru_offset.x()); |
155 | werner | 544 | grid_value = mGrid->ptr(xt,yt); |
407 | werner | 545 | |
387 | werner | 546 | local_dom = mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(xt/cPxPerHeight, yt/cPxPerHeight).height; // ry: gets ++ed in outer loop, rx not |
884 | werner | 547 | z = std::max(mHeight - reader->distanceToCenter(x,y), 0.f); // distance to center = height (45 degree line) |
407 | werner | 548 | z_zstar = (z>=local_dom)?1.f:z/local_dom; |
125 | Werner | 549 | |
407 | werner | 550 | own_value = 1. - mStamp->offsetValue(x,y,d_offset)*mOpacity * z_zstar; |
551 | // old: own_value = 1. - mStamp->offsetValue(x,y,d_offset)*mOpacity / local_dom; // old: dom_height; |
||
78 | Werner | 552 | own_value = qMax(own_value, 0.02); |
407 | werner | 553 | value = *grid_value++ / own_value; // remove impact of focal tree |
554 | |||
397 | werner | 555 | // debug for one tree in HJA |
556 | //if (id()==178020) |
||
557 | // qDebug() << x << y << xt << yt << *grid_value << local_dom << own_value << value << (*reader)(x,y); |
||
321 | werner | 558 | //if (_isnan(value)) |
559 | // qDebug() << "isnan" << id(); |
||
397 | werner | 560 | if (value * (*reader)(x,y)>1.) |
561 | qDebug() << "LIFTorus: value>1."; |
||
78 | Werner | 562 | sum += value * (*reader)(x,y); |
563 | |||
564 | //} // isIndexValid |
||
565 | } |
||
566 | } |
||
106 | Werner | 567 | mLRI = sum; |
426 | werner | 568 | |
569 | // LRI correction... |
||
570 | double hrel = mHeight / mHeightGrid->valueAtIndex(mPositionIndex.x()/cPxPerHeight, mPositionIndex.y()/cPxPerHeight).height; |
||
571 | if (hrel<1.) |
||
572 | mLRI = species()->speciesSet()->LRIcorrection(mLRI, hrel); |
||
573 | |||
574 | |||
615 | werner | 575 | if (isnan(mLRI)) { |
321 | werner | 576 | qDebug() << "LRI invalid (nan)!" << id(); |
577 | mLRI=0.; |
||
578 | //qDebug() << reader->dump(); |
||
579 | } |
||
148 | iland | 580 | if (mLRI > 1.) |
581 | mLRI = 1.; |
||
78 | Werner | 582 | //qDebug() << "Tree #"<< id() << "value" << sum << "Impact" << mImpact; |
205 | werner | 583 | |
584 | // Finally, add LRI of this Tree to the ResourceUnit! |
||
251 | werner | 585 | mRU->addWLA(mLeafArea, mLRI); |
58 | Werner | 586 | } |
587 | |||
155 | werner | 588 | |
40 | Werner | 589 | void Tree::resetStatistics() |
590 | { |
||
591 | m_statPrint=0; |
||
105 | Werner | 592 | m_statCreated=0; |
48 | Werner | 593 | m_statAboveZ=0; |
40 | Werner | 594 | m_nextId=1; |
595 | } |
||
107 | Werner | 596 | |
1072 | werner | 597 | #ifdef ALT_TREE_MORTALITY |
1071 | werner | 598 | void Tree::mortalityParams(double dbh_inc_threshold, int stress_years, double stress_mort_prob) |
599 | { |
||
600 | _stress_threshold = dbh_inc_threshold; |
||
601 | _stress_years = stress_years; |
||
602 | _stress_death_prob = stress_mort_prob; |
||
603 | qDebug() << "Alternative Mortality enabled: threshold" << dbh_inc_threshold << ", years:" << _stress_years << ", level:" << _stress_death_prob; |
||
604 | } |
||
1072 | werner | 605 | #endif |
1071 | werner | 606 | |
251 | werner | 607 | void Tree::calcLightResponse() |
608 | { |
||
609 | // calculate a light response from lri: |
||
298 | werner | 610 | // http://iland.boku.ac.at/individual+tree+light+availability |
470 | werner | 611 | double lri = limit(mLRI * mRU->LRImodifier(), 0., 1.); // Eq. (3) |
612 | mLightResponse = mSpecies->lightResponse(lri); // Eq. (4) |
||
251 | werner | 613 | mRU->addLR(mLeafArea, mLightResponse); |
614 | |||
615 | } |
||
616 | |||
110 | Werner | 617 | ////////////////////////////////////////////////// |
618 | //// Growth Functions |
||
619 | ////////////////////////////////////////////////// |
||
107 | Werner | 620 | |
227 | werner | 621 | /** grow() is the main function of the yearly tree growth. |
622 | The main steps are: |
||
298 | werner | 623 | - Production of GPP/NPP @sa http://iland.boku.ac.at/primary+production http://iland.boku.ac.at/individual+tree+light+availability |
624 | - Partitioning of NPP to biomass compartments of the tree @sa http://iland.boku.ac.at/allocation |
||
227 | werner | 625 | - Growth of the stem http://iland.boku.ac.at/stem+growth (???) |
387 | werner | 626 | Further activties: * the age of the tree is increased |
627 | * the mortality sub routine is executed |
||
628 | * seeds are produced */ |
||
107 | Werner | 629 | void Tree::grow() |
630 | { |
||
159 | werner | 631 | TreeGrowthData d; |
169 | werner | 632 | mAge++; // increase age |
230 | werner | 633 | // step 1: get "interception area" of the tree individual [m2] |
634 | // the sum of all area of all trees of a unit equal the total stocked area * interception_factor(Beer-Lambert) |
||
635 | double effective_area = mRU->interceptedArea(mLeafArea, mLightResponse); |
||
107 | Werner | 636 | |
230 | werner | 637 | // step 2: calculate GPP of the tree based |
638 | // (1) get the amount of GPP for a "unit area" of the tree species |
||
639 | double raw_gpp_per_area = mRU->resourceUnitSpecies(species()).prod3PG().GPPperArea(); |
||
640 | // (2) GPP (without aging-effect) in kg Biomass / year |
||
641 | double raw_gpp = raw_gpp_per_area * effective_area; |
||
161 | werner | 642 | |
227 | werner | 643 | // apply aging according to the state of the individuum |
388 | werner | 644 | const double aging_factor = mSpecies->aging(mHeight, mAge); |
376 | werner | 645 | mRU->addTreeAging(mLeafArea, aging_factor); |
227 | werner | 646 | double gpp = raw_gpp * aging_factor; // |
608 | werner | 647 | d.NPP = gpp * cAutotrophicRespiration; // respiration loss (0.47), cf. Waring et al 1998. |
113 | Werner | 648 | |
279 | werner | 649 | //DBGMODE( |
137 | Werner | 650 | if (GlobalSettings::instance()->isDebugEnabled(GlobalSettings::dTreeNPP) && isDebugging()) { |
133 | Werner | 651 | DebugList &out = GlobalSettings::instance()->debugList(mId, GlobalSettings::dTreeNPP); |
652 | dumpList(out); // add tree headers |
||
299 | werner | 653 | out << mLRI * mRU->LRImodifier() << mLightResponse << effective_area << raw_gpp << gpp << d.NPP << aging_factor; |
133 | Werner | 654 | } |
279 | werner | 655 | //); // DBGMODE() |
217 | werner | 656 | if (d.NPP>0.) |
657 | partitioning(d); // split npp to compartments and grow (diameter, height) |
||
133 | Werner | 658 | |
387 | werner | 659 | // mortality |
1071 | werner | 660 | #ifdef ALT_TREE_MORTALITY |
661 | // alternative variant of tree mortality (note: mStrssIndex used otherwise) |
||
662 | altMortality(d); |
||
663 | |||
664 | #else |
||
200 | werner | 665 | if (Model::settings().mortalityEnabled) |
666 | mortality(d); |
||
110 | Werner | 667 | |
159 | werner | 668 | mStressIndex = d.stress_index; |
1071 | werner | 669 | #endif |
180 | werner | 670 | |
671 | if (!isDead()) |
||
257 | werner | 672 | mRU->resourceUnitSpecies(species()).statistics().add(this, &d); |
277 | werner | 673 | |
387 | werner | 674 | // regeneration |
460 | werner | 675 | mSpecies->seedProduction(mAge, mHeight, mPositionIndex); |
387 | werner | 676 | |
107 | Werner | 677 | } |
678 | |||
227 | werner | 679 | /** partitioning of this years assimilates (NPP) to biomass compartments. |
298 | werner | 680 | Conceptionally, the algorithm is based on Duursma, 2007. |
681 | @sa http://iland.boku.ac.at/allocation */ |
||
159 | werner | 682 | inline void Tree::partitioning(TreeGrowthData &d) |
115 | Werner | 683 | { |
159 | werner | 684 | double npp = d.NPP; |
115 | Werner | 685 | // add content of reserve pool |
116 | Werner | 686 | npp += mNPPReserve; |
159 | werner | 687 | const double foliage_mass_allo = species()->biomassFoliage(mDbh); |
276 | werner | 688 | const double reserve_size = foliage_mass_allo * (1. + mSpecies->finerootFoliageRatio()); |
297 | werner | 689 | double refill_reserve = qMin(reserve_size, (1. + mSpecies->finerootFoliageRatio())*mFoliageMass); // not always try to refill reserve 100% |
119 | Werner | 690 | |
136 | Werner | 691 | double apct_wood, apct_root, apct_foliage; // allocation percentages (sum=1) (eta) |
468 | werner | 692 | ResourceUnitSpecies &rus = mRU->resourceUnitSpecies(species()); |
117 | Werner | 693 | // turnover rates |
159 | werner | 694 | const double &to_fol = species()->turnoverLeaf(); |
695 | const double &to_root = species()->turnoverRoot(); |
||
136 | Werner | 696 | // the turnover rate of wood depends on the size of the reserve pool: |
116 | Werner | 697 | |
136 | Werner | 698 | |
163 | werner | 699 | double to_wood = refill_reserve / (mWoodyMass + refill_reserve); |
700 | |||
468 | werner | 701 | apct_root = rus.prod3PG().rootFraction(); |
261 | werner | 702 | d.NPP_above = d.NPP * (1. - apct_root); // aboveground: total NPP - fraction to roots |
298 | werner | 703 | double b_wf = species()->allometricRatio_wf(); // ratio of allometric exponents (b_woody / b_foliage) |
117 | Werner | 704 | |
705 | // Duursma 2007, Eq. (20) |
||
167 | werner | 706 | apct_wood = (foliage_mass_allo*to_wood/npp + b_wf*(1.-apct_root) - b_wf*foliage_mass_allo*to_fol/npp) / ( foliage_mass_allo/mWoodyMass + b_wf ); |
902 | werner | 707 | |
708 | apct_wood = limit(apct_wood, 0., 1.-apct_root); |
||
709 | |||
117 | Werner | 710 | apct_foliage = 1. - apct_root - apct_wood; |
711 | |||
163 | werner | 712 | |
902 | werner | 713 | DBGMODE( |
163 | werner | 714 | if (apct_foliage<0 || apct_wood<0) |
715 | qDebug() << "transfer to foliage or wood < 0"; |
||
716 | if (npp<0) |
||
717 | qDebug() << "NPP < 0"; |
||
902 | werner | 718 | ); |
163 | werner | 719 | |
136 | Werner | 720 | // Change of biomass compartments |
276 | werner | 721 | double sen_root = mFineRootMass * to_root; |
722 | double sen_foliage = mFoliageMass * to_fol; |
||
521 | werner | 723 | if (ru()->snag()) |
588 | werner | 724 | ru()->snag()->addTurnoverLitter(this->species(), sen_foliage, sen_root); |
298 | werner | 725 | |
136 | Werner | 726 | // Roots |
298 | werner | 727 | // http://iland.boku.ac.at/allocation#belowground_NPP |
276 | werner | 728 | mFineRootMass -= sen_root; // reduce only fine root pool |
729 | double delta_root = apct_root * npp; |
||
730 | // 1st, refill the fine root pool |
||
731 | double fineroot_miss = mFoliageMass * mSpecies->finerootFoliageRatio() - mFineRootMass; |
||
732 | if (fineroot_miss>0.){ |
||
733 | double delta_fineroot = qMin(fineroot_miss, delta_root); |
||
734 | mFineRootMass += delta_fineroot; |
||
735 | delta_root -= delta_fineroot; |
||
736 | } |
||
737 | // 2nd, the rest of NPP allocated to roots go to coarse roots |
||
595 | werner | 738 | double max_coarse_root = species()->biomassRoot(mDbh); |
276 | werner | 739 | mCoarseRootMass += delta_root; |
595 | werner | 740 | if (mCoarseRootMass > max_coarse_root) { |
741 | // if the coarse root pool exceeds the value given by the allometry, then the |
||
742 | // surplus is accounted as turnover |
||
743 | if (ru()->snag()) |
||
744 | ru()->snag()->addTurnoverWood(species(), mCoarseRootMass-max_coarse_root); |
||
119 | Werner | 745 | |
595 | werner | 746 | mCoarseRootMass = max_coarse_root; |
747 | } |
||
748 | |||
136 | Werner | 749 | // Foliage |
159 | werner | 750 | double delta_foliage = apct_foliage * npp - sen_foliage; |
137 | Werner | 751 | mFoliageMass += delta_foliage; |
615 | werner | 752 | if (isnan(mFoliageMass)) |
217 | werner | 753 | qDebug() << "foliage mass invalid!"; |
163 | werner | 754 | if (mFoliageMass<0.) mFoliageMass=0.; // limit to zero |
755 | |||
159 | werner | 756 | mLeafArea = mFoliageMass * species()->specificLeafArea(); // update leaf area |
119 | Werner | 757 | |
271 | werner | 758 | // stress index: different varaints at denominator: to_fol*foliage_mass = leafmass to rebuild, |
198 | werner | 759 | // foliage_mass_allo: simply higher chance for stress |
271 | werner | 760 | // note: npp = NPP + reserve (see above) |
276 | werner | 761 | d.stress_index =qMax(1. - (npp) / ( to_fol*foliage_mass_allo + to_root*foliage_mass_allo*species()->finerootFoliageRatio() + reserve_size), 0.); |
198 | werner | 762 | |
136 | Werner | 763 | // Woody compartments |
298 | werner | 764 | // see also: http://iland.boku.ac.at/allocation#reserve_and_allocation_to_stem_growth |
136 | Werner | 765 | // (1) transfer to reserve pool |
766 | double gross_woody = apct_wood * npp; |
||
767 | double to_reserve = qMin(reserve_size, gross_woody); |
||
768 | mNPPReserve = to_reserve; |
||
769 | double net_woody = gross_woody - to_reserve; |
||
137 | Werner | 770 | double net_stem = 0.; |
164 | werner | 771 | mDbhDelta = 0.; |
165 | werner | 772 | |
773 | |||
136 | Werner | 774 | if (net_woody > 0.) { |
775 | // (2) calculate part of increment that is dedicated to the stem (which is a function of diameter) |
||
159 | werner | 776 | net_stem = net_woody * species()->allometricFractionStem(mDbh); |
777 | d.NPP_stem = net_stem; |
||
137 | Werner | 778 | mWoodyMass += net_woody; |
136 | Werner | 779 | // (3) growth of diameter and height baseed on net stem increment |
159 | werner | 780 | grow_diameter(d); |
136 | Werner | 781 | } |
119 | Werner | 782 | |
279 | werner | 783 | //DBGMODE( |
137 | Werner | 784 | if (GlobalSettings::instance()->isDebugEnabled(GlobalSettings::dTreePartition) |
785 | && isDebugging() ) { |
||
129 | Werner | 786 | DebugList &out = GlobalSettings::instance()->debugList(mId, GlobalSettings::dTreePartition); |
787 | dumpList(out); // add tree headers |
||
136 | Werner | 788 | out << npp << apct_foliage << apct_wood << apct_root |
276 | werner | 789 | << delta_foliage << net_woody << delta_root << mNPPReserve << net_stem << d.stress_index; |
137 | Werner | 790 | } |
144 | Werner | 791 | |
279 | werner | 792 | //); // DBGMODE() |
497 | werner | 793 | DBGMODE( |
428 | werner | 794 | if (mWoodyMass<0. || mWoodyMass>50000 || mFoliageMass<0. || mFoliageMass>2000. || mCoarseRootMass<0. || mCoarseRootMass>30000 |
393 | werner | 795 | || mNPPReserve>4000.) { |
389 | werner | 796 | qDebug() << "Tree:partitioning: invalid or unlikely pools."; |
144 | Werner | 797 | qDebug() << GlobalSettings::instance()->debugListCaptions(GlobalSettings::DebugOutputs(0)); |
798 | DebugList dbg; dumpList(dbg); |
||
799 | qDebug() << dbg; |
||
497 | werner | 800 | } ); |
144 | Werner | 801 | |
136 | Werner | 802 | /*DBG_IF_X(mId == 1 , "Tree::partitioning", "dump", dump() |
803 | + QString("npp %1 npp_reserve %9 sen_fol %2 sen_stem %3 sen_root %4 net_fol %5 net_stem %6 net_root %7 to_reserve %8") |
||
804 | .arg(npp).arg(senescence_foliage).arg(senescence_stem).arg(senescence_root) |
||
805 | .arg(net_foliage).arg(net_stem).arg(net_root).arg(to_reserve).arg(mNPPReserve) );*/ |
||
129 | Werner | 806 | |
115 | Werner | 807 | } |
808 | |||
125 | Werner | 809 | |
134 | Werner | 810 | /** Determination of diamter and height growth based on increment of the stem mass (@p net_stem_npp). |
125 | Werner | 811 | Refer to XXX for equations and variables. |
812 | This function updates the dbh and height of the tree. |
||
227 | werner | 813 | The equations are based on dbh in meters! */ |
159 | werner | 814 | inline void Tree::grow_diameter(TreeGrowthData &d) |
119 | Werner | 815 | { |
816 | // determine dh-ratio of increment |
||
817 | // height increment is a function of light competition: |
||
125 | Werner | 818 | double hd_growth = relative_height_growth(); // hd of height growth |
153 | werner | 819 | double d_m = mDbh / 100.; // current diameter in [m] |
159 | werner | 820 | double net_stem_npp = d.NPP_stem; |
821 | |||
153 | werner | 822 | const double d_delta_m = mDbhDelta / 100.; // increment of last year in [m] |
115 | Werner | 823 | |
159 | werner | 824 | const double mass_factor = species()->volumeFactor() * species()->density(); |
153 | werner | 825 | double stem_mass = mass_factor * d_m*d_m * mHeight; // result: kg, dbh[cm], h[meter] |
123 | Werner | 826 | |
153 | werner | 827 | // factor is in diameter increment per NPP [m/kg] |
828 | double factor_diameter = 1. / ( mass_factor * (d_m + d_delta_m)*(d_m + d_delta_m) * ( 2. * mHeight/d_m + hd_growth) ); |
||
125 | Werner | 829 | double delta_d_estimate = factor_diameter * net_stem_npp; // estimated dbh-inc using last years increment |
830 | |||
831 | // using that dbh-increment we estimate a stem-mass-increment and the residual (Eq. 9) |
||
153 | werner | 832 | double stem_estimate = mass_factor * (d_m + delta_d_estimate)*(d_m + delta_d_estimate)*(mHeight + delta_d_estimate*hd_growth); |
137 | Werner | 833 | double stem_residual = stem_estimate - (stem_mass + net_stem_npp); |
125 | Werner | 834 | |
835 | // the final increment is then: |
||
836 | double d_increment = factor_diameter * (net_stem_npp - stem_residual); // Eq. (11) |
||
463 | werner | 837 | double res_final = 0.; |
838 | if (fabs(stem_residual) > 1.) { |
||
465 | werner | 839 | |
463 | werner | 840 | // calculate final residual in stem |
841 | res_final = mass_factor * (d_m + d_increment)*(d_m + d_increment)*(mHeight + d_increment*hd_growth)-((stem_mass + net_stem_npp)); |
||
842 | if (fabs(res_final)>1.) { |
||
465 | werner | 843 | // for large errors in stem biomass due to errors in diameter increment (> 1kg), we solve the increment iteratively. |
463 | werner | 844 | // first, increase increment with constant step until we overestimate the first time |
845 | // then, |
||
846 | d_increment = 0.02; // start with 2cm increment |
||
847 | bool reached_error = false; |
||
848 | double step=0.01; // step-width 1cm |
||
849 | double est_stem; |
||
850 | do { |
||
851 | est_stem = mass_factor * (d_m + d_increment)*(d_m + d_increment)*(mHeight + d_increment*hd_growth); // estimate with current increment |
||
852 | stem_residual = est_stem - (stem_mass + net_stem_npp); |
||
853 | |||
854 | if (fabs(stem_residual) <1.) // finished, if stem residual below 1kg |
||
855 | break; |
||
856 | if (stem_residual > 0.) { |
||
857 | d_increment -= step; |
||
858 | reached_error=true; |
||
859 | } else { |
||
860 | d_increment += step; |
||
861 | } |
||
862 | if (reached_error) |
||
863 | step /= 2.; |
||
864 | } while (step>0.00001); // continue until diameter "accuracy" falls below 1/100mm |
||
865 | } |
||
866 | } |
||
867 | |||
868 | if (d_increment<0.f) |
||
869 | qDebug() << "Tree::grow_diameter: d_inc < 0."; |
||
144 | Werner | 870 | DBG_IF_X(d_increment<0. || d_increment>0.1, "Tree::grow_dimater", "increment out of range.", dump() |
125 | Werner | 871 | + QString("\nhdz %1 factor_diameter %2 stem_residual %3 delta_d_estimate %4 d_increment %5 final residual(kg) %6") |
872 | .arg(hd_growth).arg(factor_diameter).arg(stem_residual).arg(delta_d_estimate).arg(d_increment) |
||
142 | Werner | 873 | .arg( mass_factor * (mDbh + d_increment)*(mDbh + d_increment)*(mHeight + d_increment*hd_growth)-((stem_mass + net_stem_npp)) )); |
125 | Werner | 874 | |
303 | werner | 875 | //DBGMODE( |
463 | werner | 876 | // do not calculate res_final twice if already done |
877 | DBG_IF_X( (res_final==0.?fabs(mass_factor * (d_m + d_increment)*(d_m + d_increment)*(mHeight + d_increment*hd_growth)-((stem_mass + net_stem_npp))):res_final) > 1, "Tree::grow_diameter", "final residual stem estimate > 1kg", dump()); |
||
153 | werner | 878 | DBG_IF_X(d_increment > 10. || d_increment*hd_growth >10., "Tree::grow_diameter", "growth out of bound:",QString("d-increment %1 h-increment %2 ").arg(d_increment).arg(d_increment*hd_growth/100.) + dump()); |
158 | werner | 879 | |
137 | Werner | 880 | if (GlobalSettings::instance()->isDebugEnabled(GlobalSettings::dTreeGrowth) && isDebugging() ) { |
126 | Werner | 881 | DebugList &out = GlobalSettings::instance()->debugList(mId, GlobalSettings::dTreeGrowth); |
129 | Werner | 882 | dumpList(out); // add tree headers |
143 | Werner | 883 | out << net_stem_npp << stem_mass << hd_growth << factor_diameter << delta_d_estimate*100 << d_increment*100; |
126 | Werner | 884 | } |
153 | werner | 885 | |
303 | werner | 886 | //); // DBGMODE() |
125 | Werner | 887 | |
888 | d_increment = qMax(d_increment, 0.); |
||
889 | |||
890 | // update state variables |
||
153 | werner | 891 | mDbh += d_increment*100; // convert from [m] to [cm] |
892 | mDbhDelta = d_increment*100; // save for next year's growth |
||
893 | mHeight += d_increment * hd_growth; |
||
158 | werner | 894 | |
895 | // update state of LIP stamp and opacity |
||
159 | werner | 896 | mStamp = species()->stamp(mDbh, mHeight); // get new stamp for updated dimensions |
158 | werner | 897 | // calculate the CrownFactor which reflects the opacity of the crown |
200 | werner | 898 | const double k=Model::settings().lightExtinctionCoefficientOpacity; |
899 | mOpacity = 1. - exp(-k * mLeafArea / mStamp->crownArea()); |
||
158 | werner | 900 | |
119 | Werner | 901 | } |
902 | |||
125 | Werner | 903 | |
904 | /// return the HD ratio of this year's increment based on the light status. |
||
119 | Werner | 905 | inline double Tree::relative_height_growth() |
906 | { |
||
907 | double hd_low, hd_high; |
||
908 | mSpecies->hdRange(mDbh, hd_low, hd_high); |
||
909 | |||
125 | Werner | 910 | DBG_IF_X(hd_low>hd_high, "Tree::relative_height_growth", "hd low higher dann hd_high for ", dump()); |
949 | werner | 911 | DBG_IF_X(hd_low < 10 || hd_high>250, "Tree::relative_height_growth", "hd out of range ", dump() + QString(" hd-low: %1 hd-high: %2").arg(hd_low).arg(hd_high)); |
125 | Werner | 912 | |
913 | // scale according to LRI: if receiving much light (LRI=1), the result is hd_low (for open grown trees) |
||
326 | werner | 914 | // use the corrected LRI (see tracker#11) |
915 | double lri = limit(mLRI * mRU->LRImodifier(),0.,1.); |
||
916 | double hd_ratio = hd_high - (hd_high-hd_low)*lri; |
||
125 | Werner | 917 | return hd_ratio; |
119 | Werner | 918 | } |
141 | Werner | 919 | |
278 | werner | 920 | /** This function is called if a tree dies. |
921 | @sa ResourceUnit::cleanTreeList(), remove() */ |
||
277 | werner | 922 | void Tree::die(TreeGrowthData *d) |
923 | { |
||
924 | setFlag(Tree::TreeDead, true); // set flag that tree is dead |
||
664 | werner | 925 | mRU->treeDied(); |
468 | werner | 926 | ResourceUnitSpecies &rus = mRU->resourceUnitSpecies(species()); |
927 | rus.statisticsDead().add(this, d); // add tree to statistics |
||
1064 | werner | 928 | notifyTreeRemoved(TreeDeath); |
521 | werner | 929 | if (ru()->snag()) |
930 | ru()->snag()->addMortality(this); |
||
277 | werner | 931 | } |
932 | |||
903 | werner | 933 | /// remove a tree (most likely due to harvest) from the system. |
564 | werner | 934 | void Tree::remove(double removeFoliage, double removeBranch, double removeStem ) |
278 | werner | 935 | { |
936 | setFlag(Tree::TreeDead, true); // set flag that tree is dead |
||
1050 | werner | 937 | setIsHarvested(); |
664 | werner | 938 | mRU->treeDied(); |
468 | werner | 939 | ResourceUnitSpecies &rus = mRU->resourceUnitSpecies(species()); |
940 | rus.statisticsMgmt().add(this, 0); |
||
1064 | werner | 941 | notifyTreeRemoved(TreeHarvest); |
903 | werner | 942 | |
521 | werner | 943 | if (ru()->snag()) |
564 | werner | 944 | ru()->snag()->addHarvest(this, removeStem, removeBranch, removeFoliage); |
278 | werner | 945 | } |
946 | |||
713 | werner | 947 | /// remove the tree due to an special event (disturbance) |
903 | werner | 948 | /// this is +- the same as die(). |
713 | werner | 949 | void Tree::removeDisturbance(const double stem_to_soil_fraction, const double stem_to_snag_fraction, const double branch_to_soil_fraction, const double branch_to_snag_fraction, const double foliage_to_soil_fraction) |
950 | { |
||
951 | setFlag(Tree::TreeDead, true); // set flag that tree is dead |
||
952 | mRU->treeDied(); |
||
953 | ResourceUnitSpecies &rus = mRU->resourceUnitSpecies(species()); |
||
714 | werner | 954 | rus.statisticsDead().add(this, 0); |
1064 | werner | 955 | notifyTreeRemoved(TreeDisturbance); |
903 | werner | 956 | |
1088 | werner | 957 | |
713 | werner | 958 | if (ru()->snag()) |
1088 | werner | 959 | if (isHarvested()) // if the tree is harvested, do the same as in normal tree harvest (but with default values) |
960 | ru()->snag()->addHarvest(this, 1., 0., 0.); |
||
961 | else |
||
962 | ru()->snag()->addDisturbance(this, stem_to_snag_fraction, stem_to_soil_fraction, branch_to_snag_fraction, branch_to_soil_fraction, foliage_to_soil_fraction); |
||
713 | werner | 963 | } |
964 | |||
903 | werner | 965 | /// remove a part of the biomass of the tree, e.g. due to fire. |
966 | void Tree::removeBiomassOfTree(const double removeFoliageFraction, const double removeBranchFraction, const double removeStemFraction) |
||
668 | werner | 967 | { |
968 | mFoliageMass *= 1. - removeFoliageFraction; |
||
969 | mWoodyMass *= (1. - removeStemFraction); |
||
970 | // we have a problem with the branches: this currently cannot be done properly! |
||
766 | werner | 971 | (void) removeBranchFraction; // silence warning |
668 | werner | 972 | } |
973 | |||
975 | werner | 974 | void Tree::setHeight(const float height) |
975 | { |
||
976 | if (height<=0. || height>150.) |
||
977 | qWarning() << "trying to set tree height to invalid value:" << height << " for tree on RU:" << (mRU?mRU->boundingBox():QRect()); |
||
978 | mHeight=height; |
||
979 | } |
||
980 | |||
159 | werner | 981 | void Tree::mortality(TreeGrowthData &d) |
982 | { |
||
163 | werner | 983 | // death if leaf area is 0 |
984 | if (mFoliageMass<0.00001) |
||
985 | die(); |
||
986 | |||
308 | werner | 987 | double p_death, p_stress, p_intrinsic; |
988 | p_intrinsic = species()->deathProb_intrinsic(); |
||
989 | p_stress = species()->deathProb_stress(d.stress_index); |
||
990 | p_death = p_intrinsic + p_stress; |
||
707 | werner | 991 | double p = drandom(); //0..1 |
159 | werner | 992 | if (p<p_death) { |
993 | // die... |
||
994 | die(); |
||
995 | } |
||
996 | } |
||
141 | Werner | 997 | |
1072 | werner | 998 | #ifdef ALT_TREE_MORTALITY |
1071 | werner | 999 | void Tree::altMortality(TreeGrowthData &d) |
1000 | { |
||
1001 | // death if leaf area is 0 |
||
1002 | if (mFoliageMass<0.00001) |
||
1003 | die(); |
||
1004 | |||
1005 | double p_intrinsic, p_stress=0.; |
||
1006 | p_intrinsic = species()->deathProb_intrinsic(); |
||
1007 | |||
1008 | if (mDbhDelta < _stress_threshold) { |
||
1009 | mStressIndex++; |
||
1010 | if (mStressIndex> _stress_years) |
||
1011 | p_stress = _stress_death_prob; |
||
1012 | } else |
||
1013 | mStressIndex = 0; |
||
1014 | |||
1015 | double p = drandom(); //0..1 |
||
1016 | if (p<p_intrinsic + p_stress) { |
||
1017 | // die... |
||
1018 | die(); |
||
1019 | } |
||
1020 | } |
||
1072 | werner | 1021 | #endif |
1071 | werner | 1022 | |
1064 | werner | 1023 | void Tree::notifyTreeRemoved(TreeRemovalType reason) |
903 | werner | 1024 | { |
1025 | // add the volume of the current tree to the height grid |
||
1077 | werner | 1026 | // this information is used to track the removed volume for stands based on grids (and for salvaging operations) |
909 | werner | 1027 | ABE::ForestManagementEngine *abe = GlobalSettings::instance()->model()->ABEngine(); |
1028 | if (abe) |
||
1064 | werner | 1029 | abe->notifyTreeRemoval(this, (int)reason); |
1044 | werner | 1030 | |
1031 | // tell disturbance modules that a tree died |
||
1032 | GlobalSettings::instance()->model()->modules()->treeDeath(this, (int) reason); |
||
903 | werner | 1033 | } |
1034 | |||
141 | Werner | 1035 | ////////////////////////////////////////////////// |
1036 | //// value functions |
||
1037 | ////////////////////////////////////////////////// |
||
1038 | |||
145 | Werner | 1039 | double Tree::volume() const |
141 | Werner | 1040 | { |
1041 | /// @see Species::volumeFactor() for details |
||
159 | werner | 1042 | const double volume_factor = species()->volumeFactor(); |
157 | werner | 1043 | const double volume = volume_factor * mDbh*mDbh*mHeight * 0.0001; // dbh in cm: cm/100 * cm/100 = cm*cm * 0.0001 = m2 |
141 | Werner | 1044 | return volume; |
1045 | } |
||
180 | werner | 1046 | |
579 | werner | 1047 | /// return the basal area in m2 |
180 | werner | 1048 | double Tree::basalArea() const |
1049 | { |
||
1050 | // A = r^2 * pi = d/2*pi; from cm->m: d/200 |
||
1051 | const double b = (mDbh/200.)*(mDbh/200.)*M_PI; |
||
1052 | return b; |
||
1053 | } |
||
668 | werner | 1054 |