Rev 460 | Rev 470 | Go to most recent revision | Details | Compare with Previous | Last modification | View Log | RSS feed
Rev | Author | Line No. | Line |
---|---|---|---|
1 | |||
90 | Werner | 2 | #ifndef SPECIES_H |
3 | #define SPECIES_H |
||
38 | Werner | 4 | |
103 | Werner | 5 | |
91 | Werner | 6 | #include "expression.h" |
7 | |||
103 | Werner | 8 | #include "speciesset.h" |
102 | Werner | 9 | |
91 | Werner | 10 | class StampContainer; // forwards |
38 | Werner | 11 | class Stamp; |
91 | Werner | 12 | |
103 | Werner | 13 | |
446 | werner | 14 | /// parameters for establishment |
15 | struct EstablishmentParameters |
||
16 | { |
||
17 | double min_temp; //degC |
||
18 | int chill_requirement; // days of chilling requirement |
||
19 | int GDD_min, GDD_max; // GDD thresholds |
||
20 | double GDD_baseTemperature; // for GDD-calc: GDD=sum(T - baseTemp) |
||
21 | int bud_birst; // GDDs needed until bud burst |
||
22 | int frost_free; // minimum number of annual frost-free days required |
||
23 | double frost_tolerance; //factor in growing season frost tolerance calculation |
||
24 | EstablishmentParameters(): min_temp(-37), chill_requirement(56), GDD_min(177), GDD_max(3261), GDD_baseTemperature(3.4), |
||
25 | bud_birst(255), frost_free(65), frost_tolerance(0.5) {} |
||
26 | }; |
||
27 | |||
450 | werner | 28 | /// parameters for sapling growth |
29 | struct SaplingGrowthParameters |
||
30 | { |
||
31 | Expression heightGrowthPotential; ///< formula that expresses height growth potential |
||
32 | int maxStressYears; ///< trees die, if they are "stressed" for this number of consectuive years |
||
33 | double stressThreshold; ///< tree is considered as "stressed" if f_env_yr is below that threhold |
||
453 | werner | 34 | float hdSapling; ///< fixed height-diameter ratio used for saplings |
450 | werner | 35 | double ReineckesR; ///< Reineckes R, i.e. maximum stem number for a dg of 25cm |
467 | werner | 36 | double referenceRatio; ///< f_ref (eq. 3) -> ratio reference site / optimum site |
37 | SaplingGrowthParameters(): maxStressYears(3), stressThreshold(0.1), hdSapling(80.f), ReineckesR(1450.), referenceRatio(1.) {} |
||
450 | werner | 38 | }; |
446 | werner | 39 | |
450 | werner | 40 | |
90 | Werner | 41 | class Species |
38 | Werner | 42 | { |
43 | public: |
||
387 | werner | 44 | Species(SpeciesSet *set) { mSet = set; mIndex=set->count(); mSeedDispersal=0; } |
391 | werner | 45 | ~Species(); |
46 | // maintenance |
||
47 | void setup(); |
||
415 | werner | 48 | void newYear(); |
391 | werner | 49 | |
226 | werner | 50 | const SpeciesSet *speciesSet() const { return mSet; } |
91 | Werner | 51 | // properties |
391 | werner | 52 | SeedDispersal *seedDispersal() const { return mSeedDispersal; } |
91 | Werner | 53 | /// @property id 4-character unique identification of the tree species |
111 | Werner | 54 | const QString &id() const { return mId; } |
91 | Werner | 55 | /// the full name (e.g. Picea Abies) of the species |
111 | Werner | 56 | const QString &name() const { return mName; } |
145 | Werner | 57 | int index() const { return mIndex; } ///< unique index of species within current set |
179 | werner | 58 | bool active() const { return true; } ///< active??? todo! |
236 | werner | 59 | int phenologyClass() const { return mPhenologyClass; } ///< phenology class defined in project file. class 0 = evergreen |
60 | bool isConiferous() const { return mConiferous; } |
||
61 | bool isEvergreen() const { return mEvergreen; } |
||
415 | werner | 62 | bool isSeedYear() const { return mIsSeedYear; } |
136 | Werner | 63 | |
391 | werner | 64 | |
91 | Werner | 65 | // calculations: allometries |
145 | Werner | 66 | double biomassFoliage(const double dbh) const; |
67 | double biomassWoody(const double dbh) const; |
||
68 | double biomassRoot(const double dbh) const; |
||
449 | werner | 69 | double biomassBranch(const double dbh) const; |
145 | Werner | 70 | double allometricRatio_wf() const { return mWoody_b / mFoliage_b; } |
71 | double allometricFractionStem(const double dbh) const; |
||
276 | werner | 72 | double finerootFoliageRatio() const { return mFinerootFoliageRatio; } ///< ratio of fineroot mass (kg) to foliage mass (kg) |
136 | Werner | 73 | |
116 | Werner | 74 | // turnover rates |
145 | Werner | 75 | double turnoverLeaf() const { return mTurnoverLeaf; } |
76 | double turnoverRoot() const { return mTurnoverRoot; } |
||
119 | Werner | 77 | // hd-values |
425 | werner | 78 | void hdRange(const double dbh, double &rMinHD, double &rMaxHD) const; |
125 | Werner | 79 | // growth |
145 | Werner | 80 | double volumeFactor() const { return mVolumeFactor; } ///< factor for volume calculation: V = factor * D^2*H (incorporates density and the form of the bole) |
81 | double density() const { return mWoodDensity; } ///< density of stem wood [kg/m3] |
||
82 | double specificLeafArea() const { return mSpecificLeafArea; } |
||
159 | werner | 83 | // mortality |
84 | double deathProb_intrinsic() const { return mDeathProb_intrinsic; } |
||
308 | werner | 85 | inline double deathProb_stress(const double &stress_index) const; |
169 | werner | 86 | // aging |
425 | werner | 87 | double aging(const float height, const int age) const; |
388 | werner | 88 | int estimateAge(const float height) const;///< estimate age for a tree with the current age |
387 | werner | 89 | // regeneration |
460 | werner | 90 | void seedProduction(const int age, const float height, const QPoint &position_index); |
387 | werner | 91 | void setSeedDispersal(SeedDispersal *seed_dispersal) {mSeedDispersal=seed_dispersal; } |
209 | werner | 92 | // environmental responses |
93 | double vpdResponse(const double &vpd) const; |
||
266 | werner | 94 | inline double temperatureResponse(const double &delayed_temp) const; |
209 | werner | 95 | double nitrogenResponse(const double &availableNitrogen) const { return mSet->nitrogenResponse(availableNitrogen, mRespNitrogenClass); } |
236 | werner | 96 | double canopyConductance() const { return mMaxCanopyConductance; } ///< maximum canopy conductance in m/s |
266 | werner | 97 | inline double soilwaterResponse(const double &psi_kPa) const; ///< input: matrix potential (kPa) (e.g. -15) |
274 | werner | 98 | double lightResponse(const double lightResourceIndex) {return mSet->lightResponse(lightResourceIndex, mLightResponseClass); } |
304 | werner | 99 | double psiMin() const { return mPsiMin; } |
445 | werner | 100 | // parameters for seed dispersal |
101 | void treeMigKernel(double &ras1, double &ras2, double &ks) const { ras1=mTM_as1; ras2=mTM_as2; ks=mTM_ks; } |
||
102 | double fecundity_m2() const { return mFecundity_m2; } |
||
103 | double nonSeedYearFraction() const { return mNonSeedYearFraction; } |
||
446 | werner | 104 | const EstablishmentParameters &establishmentParameters() const { return mEstablishmentParams; } |
450 | werner | 105 | const SaplingGrowthParameters &saplingGrowthParameters() const { return mSaplingGrowthParams; } |
110 | Werner | 106 | |
136 | Werner | 107 | const Stamp* stamp(const float dbh, const float height) const { return mLIPs.stamp(dbh, height);} |
38 | Werner | 108 | private: |
90 | Werner | 109 | Q_DISABLE_COPY(Species); |
136 | Werner | 110 | // helpers during setup |
236 | werner | 111 | bool boolVar(const QString s) { return mSet->var(s).toBool(); } ///< during setup: get value of variable @p s as a boolean variable. |
136 | Werner | 112 | double doubleVar(const QString s) { return mSet->var(s).toDouble(); }///< during setup: get value of variable @p s as a double. |
236 | werner | 113 | int intVar(const QString s) { return mSet->var(s).toInt(); } ///< during setup: get value of variable @p s as an integer. |
136 | Werner | 114 | QString stringVar(const QString s) { return mSet->var(s).toString(); } ///< during setup: get value of variable @p s as a string. |
115 | |||
91 | Werner | 116 | SpeciesSet *mSet; ///< ptr. to the "parent" set |
136 | Werner | 117 | StampContainer mLIPs; ///< ptr to the container of the LIP-pattern |
91 | Werner | 118 | QString mId; |
119 | QString mName; |
||
111 | Werner | 120 | int mIndex; ///< internal index within the SpeciesSet |
236 | werner | 121 | bool mConiferous; ///< true if confierous species (vs. broadleaved) |
122 | bool mEvergreen; ///< true if evergreen species |
||
136 | Werner | 123 | // biomass allometries: |
124 | double mFoliage_a, mFoliage_b; ///< allometry (biomass = a * dbh^b) for foliage |
||
125 | double mWoody_a, mWoody_b; ///< allometry (biomass = a * dbh^b) for woody compartments aboveground |
||
126 | double mRoot_a, mRoot_b; ///< allometry (biomass = a * dbh^b) for roots (compound, fine and coarse roots as one pool) |
||
127 | double mBranch_a, mBranch_b; ///< allometry (biomass = a * dbh^b) for branches |
||
128 | |||
110 | Werner | 129 | double mSpecificLeafArea; ///< conversion factor from kg OTS to m2 LeafArea |
116 | Werner | 130 | // turnover rates |
131 | double mTurnoverLeaf; ///< yearly turnover rate leafs |
||
132 | double mTurnoverRoot; ///< yearly turnover rate root |
||
276 | werner | 133 | double mFinerootFoliageRatio; ///< ratio of fineroot mass (kg) to foliage mass (kg) |
119 | Werner | 134 | // height-diameter-relationships |
135 | Expression mHDlow; ///< minimum HD-relation as f(d) (open grown tree) |
||
136 | Expression mHDhigh; ///< maximum HD-relation as f(d) |
||
125 | Werner | 137 | // stem density and taper |
138 | double mWoodDensity; ///< density of the wood [kg/m3] |
||
139 | double mFormFactor; ///< taper form factor of the stem [-] used for volume / stem-mass calculation calculation |
||
140 | double mVolumeFactor; ///< factor for volume calculation |
||
159 | werner | 141 | // mortality |
142 | double mDeathProb_intrinsic; ///< prob. of intrinsic death per year [0..1] |
||
143 | double mDeathProb_stress; ///< max. prob. of death per year when tree suffering maximum stress |
||
169 | werner | 144 | // Aging |
145 | double mMaximumAge; ///< maximum age of species (years) |
||
146 | double mMaximumHeight; ///< maximum height of species (m) for aging |
||
214 | werner | 147 | Expression mAging; |
209 | werner | 148 | // environmental responses |
149 | double mRespVpdExponent; ///< exponent in vpd response calculation (Mäkela 2008) |
||
150 | double mRespTempMin; ///< temperature response calculation offset |
||
151 | double mRespTempMax; ///< temperature response calculation: saturation point for temp. response |
||
152 | double mRespNitrogenClass; ///< nitrogen response class (1..3). fractional values (e.g. 1.2) are interpolated. |
||
304 | werner | 153 | double mPsiMin; ///< minimum water potential (MPa), i.e. wilting point (is below zero!) |
236 | werner | 154 | // water |
155 | double mMaxCanopyConductance; ///< maximum canopy conductance for transpiration (m/s) |
||
226 | werner | 156 | int mPhenologyClass; |
274 | werner | 157 | double mLightResponseClass; ///< light response class (1..5) (1=shade intolerant) |
387 | werner | 158 | // regeneration |
159 | SeedDispersal *mSeedDispersal; ///< link to the seed dispersal map of the species |
||
445 | werner | 160 | int mMaturityYears; ///< a tree produces seeds if it is older than this parameter |
415 | werner | 161 | double mSeedYearProbability; ///< probability that a year is a seed year (=1/avg.timespan between seedyears) |
162 | bool mIsSeedYear; ///< true, if current year is a seed year. see also: |
||
445 | werner | 163 | double mNonSeedYearFraction; ///< fraction of the seed production in non-seed-years |
164 | // regeneration - seed dispersal |
||
165 | double mFecundity_m2; ///< "surviving seeds" (cf. Moles et al) per m2, see also http://iland.boku.ac.at/fecundity |
||
166 | double mTM_as1; ///< seed dispersal paramaters (treemig) |
||
167 | double mTM_as2; ///< seed dispersal paramaters (treemig) |
||
168 | double mTM_ks; ///< seed dispersal paramaters (treemig) |
||
449 | werner | 169 | EstablishmentParameters mEstablishmentParams; ///< collection of parameters used for establishment |
450 | werner | 170 | SaplingGrowthParameters mSaplingGrowthParams; ///< collection of parameters for sapling growth |
445 | werner | 171 | |
38 | Werner | 172 | }; |
173 | |||
40 | Werner | 174 | |
119 | Werner | 175 | // inlined functions... |
425 | werner | 176 | inline void Species::hdRange(const double dbh, double &rLowHD, double &rHighHD) const |
119 | Werner | 177 | { |
178 | rLowHD = mHDlow.calculate(dbh); |
||
179 | rHighHD = mHDhigh.calculate(dbh); |
||
180 | } |
||
209 | werner | 181 | /** vpdResponse calculates response on vpd. |
182 | Input: vpd [kPa]*/ |
||
183 | inline double Species::vpdResponse(const double &vpd) const |
||
184 | { |
||
185 | return exp(mRespVpdExponent * vpd); |
||
186 | } |
||
119 | Werner | 187 | |
209 | werner | 188 | /** temperatureResponse calculates response on delayed daily temperature. |
189 | Input: average temperature [°C] |
||
190 | Note: slightly different from Mäkela 2008: the maximum parameter (Sk) in iLand is interpreted as the absolute |
||
191 | temperature yielding a response of 1; in Mäkela 2008, Sk is the width of the range (relative to the lower threhold) |
||
192 | */ |
||
193 | inline double Species::temperatureResponse(const double &delayed_temp) const |
||
194 | { |
||
195 | double x = qMax(delayed_temp-mRespTempMin, 0.); |
||
196 | x = qMin(x/(mRespTempMax-mRespTempMin), 1.); |
||
197 | return x; |
||
198 | } |
||
266 | werner | 199 | /** soilwaterResponse is a function of the current matrix potential of the soil. |
209 | werner | 200 | |
266 | werner | 201 | */ |
202 | inline double Species::soilwaterResponse(const double &psi_kPa) const |
||
203 | { |
||
204 | const double psi_mpa = psi_kPa / 1000.; // convert to MPa |
||
304 | werner | 205 | double result = limit( 1. - psi_mpa / mPsiMin, 0., 1.); |
266 | werner | 206 | return result; |
207 | } |
||
208 | |||
308 | werner | 209 | /** calculate probabilty of death based on the current stress index. */ |
210 | inline double Species::deathProb_stress(const double &stress_index) const |
||
211 | { |
||
212 | if (stress_index==0) |
||
213 | return 0.; |
||
214 | double result = 1. - exp(-mDeathProb_stress*stress_index); |
||
215 | return result; |
||
216 | } |
||
217 | |||
90 | Werner | 218 | #endif // SPECIES_H |