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#ifndef SAPLINGS_H

#define SAPLINGS_H

#include "grid.h"

#include "snag.h"

#include <QRectF>

class ResourceUnitSpecies; // forward

class ResourceUnit; // forward

struct SaplingTree {

    SaplingTree() { clear(); }

    short unsigned int age;  // number of consectuive years the sapling suffers from dire conditions

    short signed int species_index; // index of the species within the resource-unit-species container

    unsigned char stress_years; // (upper 16bits) + age of sapling (lower 16 bits)

    unsigned char flags; // flags, e.g. whether sapling stems from sprouting

    float height; // height of the sapling in meter

    bool is_occupied() const { return height>0.f; }

    void clear()  {  age=0; species_index=-1; stress_years=0; flags=0; height=0.f;  }

    void setSapling(const float h_m, const int age_yrs, const int species_idx) { height=h_m; age=static_cast<short unsigned int>(age_yrs); stress_years=0; species_index=static_cast<short signed int>(species_idx); }

    // flags

    bool is_sprout() const { return flags & 1; }

    void set_sprout(const bool sprout) {if (sprout) flags |= 1; else flags &= (1 ^ 0xffffff ); }

    // get resource unit species of the sapling tree

    ResourceUnitSpecies *resourceUnitSpecies(const ResourceUnit *ru);

};

#define NSAPCELLS 5

struct SaplingCell {

    enum ECellState { CellInvalid=0, CellFree=1, CellFull=2};

    SaplingCell() {

        state=CellInvalid;

    }

    ECellState state;

    SaplingTree saplings[NSAPCELLS];

    void checkState() { if (state==CellInvalid) return;

                        bool free = false;

                        for (int i=0;i<NSAPCELLS;++i) {

                            // locked for all species, if a sapling of one species >1.3m

                            if (saplings[i].height>1.3f) {state = CellFull; return; }

                            // locked, if all slots are occupied.

                            if (!saplings[i].is_occupied())

                                free=true;

                        }

                        state = free? CellFree : CellFull;

                      }

    /// get an index to an open slot in the cell, or -1 if all slots are occupied

    int free_index() {

        for (int i=0;i<NSAPCELLS;++i)

            if (!saplings[i].is_occupied())

                return i;

        return -1;

    }

    /// count the number of occupied slots on the pixel

    int n_occupied() {

        int n=0;

        for (int i=0;i<NSAPCELLS;++i)

            n+=saplings[i].is_occupied();

        return n;

    }

    /// add a sapling to this cell, return a pointer to the tree on success, or 0 otherwise

    SaplingTree *addSapling(const float h_m, const int age_yrs, const int species_idx) {

        int idx = free_index();

        if (idx==-1)

            return 0;

        saplings[idx].setSapling(h_m, age_yrs, species_idx);

        return &saplings[idx];

    }

    /// return the maximum height on the pixel

    float max_height() { if (state==CellInvalid) return 0.f;

                         float h_max = 0.f;

                         for (int i=0;i<NSAPCELLS;++i)

                             h_max = std::max(saplings[i].height, h_max);

                         return h_max;

                       }

    /// return the sapling tree of the requested species, or 0

    SaplingTree *sapling(int species_index) {

        if (state==CellInvalid) return 0;

        for (int i=0;i<NSAPCELLS;++i)

            if (saplings[i].species_index == species_index)

                return &saplings[i];

        return 0;

    }

};

class ResourceUnit;

class Saplings;

/** The SaplingStat class stores statistics on the resource unit x species level.

 */

class SaplingStat

{

public:

    SaplingStat() { clearStatistics(); }

    void clearStatistics();

    /// calculate statistics (and carbon flows) for the saplings of species 'species' on 'ru'.

    /// The 'cohorts_per_area' gives the average cohort density on the RU (avg. cohorts/pixel).

    void calculate(const Species *species, ResourceUnit *ru, double cohorts_per_area);

    // actions

    void addCarbonOfDeadSapling(float dbh) { mDied++; mSumDbhDied+=dbh;  }

    // access to statistics

    int newSaplings() const { return mAdded; }

    int diedSaplings() const { return mDied; }

    int livingSaplings() const { return mLiving; } ///< get the number

    int recruitedSaplings() const { return mRecruited; }

    ///  returns the *represented* (Reineke's Law) number of trees (N/ha) and the mean dbh/height (cm/m)

    double livingStemNumber(const Species *species, double &rAvgDbh, double &rAvgHeight, double &rAvgAge) const;

    double averageHeight() const { return mAvgHeight; }

    double averageAge() const { return mAvgAge; }

    double averageDeltaHPot() const { return mAvgDeltaHPot; }

    double averageDeltaHRealized() const { return mAvgHRealized; }

    // carbon and nitrogen

    const CNPair &carbonLiving() const { return mCarbonLiving; } ///< state of the living

    const CNPair &carbonGain() const { return mCarbonGain; } ///< state of the living

private:

    int mAdded; ///< number of trees added

    int mRecruited; ///< number recruited (i.e. grown out of regeneration layer)

    int mDied; ///< number of trees died

    double mSumDbhDied; ///< running sum of dbh of died trees (used to calculate detritus)

    int mLiving; ///< number of trees (cohorts!!!) currently in the regeneration layer

    double mLivingSaplings; ///< number of individual trees in the regen layer (using Reinekes R)

    double mAvgHeight; ///< average height of saplings (m)

    double mAvgAge; ///< average age of saplings (years)

    double mAvgDeltaHPot; ///< average height increment potential (m)

    double mAvgHRealized; ///< average realized height increment

    CNPair mCarbonLiving; ///< kg Carbon (kg/ru) of saplings

    CNPair mCarbonGain; ///< net growth (kg / ru) of saplings

    friend class Saplings;

};

/** The Saplings class the container for the establishment and sapling growth in iLand.

 *

*/

class Saplings

{

public:

    Saplings();

    void setup();

    // main functions

    void establishment(const ResourceUnit *ru);

    void saplingGrowth(const ResourceUnit *ru);

    // access

    /// return the SaplingCell (i.e. container for the ind. saplings) for the given 2x2m coordinates

    /// if 'only_valid' is true, then 0 is returned if no living saplings are on the cell

    /// 'rRUPtr' is a pointer to a RU-ptr: if provided, a pointer to the resource unit is stored

    SaplingCell *cell(QPoint lif_coords, bool only_valid=true, ResourceUnit **rRUPtr=0);

    /// clear/kill all saplings within the rectangle given by 'rectangle'.

    /// If 'remove_biomass' is true, then the biomass is extracted (e.g. burnt), otherwise they are moved to soil

    void clearSaplings(const QRectF &rectangle, const bool remove_biomass);

    /// clear all saplings on a given cell 's' (if 'remove_biomass' is true: biomass removed from system (e.g. burnt))

    void clearSaplings(SaplingCell *s, ResourceUnit *ru, const bool remove_biomass);

    /// generate vegetative offspring from 't' (sprouts)

    int addSprout(const Tree *t);

    static void setRecruitmentVariation(const double variation) { mRecruitmentVariation = variation; }

    static void updateBrowsingPressure();

private:

    bool growSapling(const ResourceUnit *ru, SaplingCell &scell, SaplingTree &tree, int isc, float dom_height, float lif_value);

    //Grid<SaplingCell> mGrid;

    static double mRecruitmentVariation;

    static double mBrowsingPressure;

};

#endif // SAPLINGS_H