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1111 | werner | 2 | #include "global.h" |
3 | #include "saplings.h" |
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4 | |||
5 | #include "globalsettings.h" |
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6 | #include "model.h" |
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7 | #include "resourceunit.h" |
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8 | #include "resourceunitspecies.h" |
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9 | #include "establishment.h" |
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10 | #include "species.h" |
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11 | #include "seeddispersal.h" |
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12 | |||
1113 | werner | 13 | double Saplings::mRecruitmentVariation = 0.1; // +/- 10% |
14 | double Saplings::mBrowsingPressure = 0.; |
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1111 | werner | 15 | |
1113 | werner | 16 | |
1111 | werner | 17 | Saplings::Saplings() |
18 | { |
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19 | |||
20 | } |
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21 | |||
22 | void Saplings::setup() |
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23 | { |
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24 | mGrid.setup(GlobalSettings::instance()->model()->grid()->metricRect(), GlobalSettings::instance()->model()->grid()->cellsize()); |
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25 | |||
26 | // mask out out-of-project areas |
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27 | HeightGrid *hg = GlobalSettings::instance()->model()->heightGrid(); |
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28 | for (int i=0;i<mGrid.count();++i) { |
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29 | if (!hg->valueAtIndex(mGrid.index5(i)).isValid()) |
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30 | mGrid[i].state = SaplingCell::CellInvalid; |
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31 | else |
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32 | mGrid[i].state = SaplingCell::CellFree; |
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33 | } |
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34 | |||
35 | |||
36 | } |
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37 | |||
38 | void Saplings::establishment(const ResourceUnit *ru) |
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39 | { |
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40 | HeightGrid *height_grid = GlobalSettings::instance()->model()->heightGrid(); |
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41 | FloatGrid *lif_grid = GlobalSettings::instance()->model()->grid(); |
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42 | |||
1118 | werner | 43 | QPoint imap = ru->cornerPointOffset(); // offset on LIF/saplings grid |
44 | QPoint iseedmap = QPoint(imap.x()/10, imap.y()/10); // seed-map has 20m resolution, LIF 2m -> factor 10 |
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1111 | werner | 45 | |
1158 | werner | 46 | for (QList<ResourceUnitSpecies*>::const_iterator i=ru->ruSpecies().constBegin(); i!=ru->ruSpecies().constEnd(); ++i) |
47 | (*i)->saplingStat().clearStatistics(); |
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48 | |||
49 | double lif_corr[cPxPerHectare]; |
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50 | for (int i=0;i<cPxPerHectare;++i) |
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51 | lif_corr[i]=-1.; |
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52 | |||
1111 | werner | 53 | int species_idx = irandom(0, ru->ruSpecies().size()-1); |
54 | for (int s_idx = 0; s_idx<ru->ruSpecies().size(); ++s_idx) { |
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55 | |||
56 | // start from a random species (and cycle through the available species) |
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57 | species_idx = ++species_idx % ru->ruSpecies().size(); |
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58 | |||
59 | ResourceUnitSpecies *rus = ru->ruSpecies()[species_idx]; |
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60 | // check if there are seeds of the given species on the resource unit |
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61 | float seeds = 0.f; |
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1118 | werner | 62 | Grid<float> &seedmap = const_cast<Grid<float>& >(rus->species()->seedDispersal()->seedMap()); |
1111 | werner | 63 | for (int iy=0;iy<5;++iy) { |
64 | float *p = seedmap.ptr(iseedmap.x(), iseedmap.y()); |
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65 | for (int ix=0;ix<5;++ix) |
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66 | seeds += *p++; |
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67 | } |
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68 | // if there are no seeds: no need to do more |
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69 | if (seeds==0.f) |
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70 | continue; |
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71 | |||
72 | // calculate the abiotic environment (TACA) |
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73 | rus->establishment().calculateAbioticEnvironment(); |
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74 | double abiotic_env = rus->establishment().abioticEnvironment(); |
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75 | if (abiotic_env==0.) |
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76 | continue; |
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77 | |||
78 | // loop over all 2m cells on this resource unit |
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79 | SaplingCell *s; |
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80 | int isc = 0; // index on 2m cell |
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81 | for (int iy=0; iy<cPxPerRU; ++iy) { |
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82 | s = mGrid.ptr(imap.x(), imap.y()+iy); // ptr to the row |
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83 | isc = mGrid.index(imap.x(), imap.y()+iy); |
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84 | |||
1158 | werner | 85 | for (int ix=0;ix<cPxPerRU; ++ix, ++s, ++isc) { |
1111 | werner | 86 | if (s->state == SaplingCell::CellFree) { |
87 | // is a sapling of the current species already on the pixel? |
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88 | // * test for sapling height already in cell state |
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89 | // * test for grass-cover already in cell state |
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1158 | werner | 90 | SaplingTree *stree=0; |
91 | SaplingTree *slot=s->saplings; |
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92 | for (int i=0;i<NSAPCELLS;++i, ++slot) { |
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93 | if (!stree && !slot->is_occupied()) |
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94 | stree=slot; |
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95 | if (slot->species_index == species_idx) { |
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96 | stree=0; |
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97 | break; |
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1111 | werner | 98 | } |
99 | } |
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100 | |||
1158 | werner | 101 | if (stree) { |
1111 | werner | 102 | // grass cover? |
1118 | werner | 103 | float seed_map_value = seedmap[mGrid.index10(isc)]; |
1111 | werner | 104 | if (seed_map_value==0.f) |
105 | continue; |
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1118 | werner | 106 | const HeightGridValue &hgv = (*height_grid)[mGrid.index5(isc)]; |
1111 | werner | 107 | float lif_value = (*lif_grid)[isc]; |
1158 | werner | 108 | |
109 | double &lif_corrected = lif_corr[iy*cPxPerRU+ix]; |
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110 | // calculate the LIFcorrected only once per pixel |
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111 | if (lif_corrected<0.) |
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112 | lif_corrected = rus->species()->speciesSet()->LRIcorrection(lif_value, 4. / hgv.height); |
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113 | |||
1111 | werner | 114 | // check for the combination of seed availability and light on the forest floor |
1158 | werner | 115 | if (drandom() < seed_map_value*lif_corrected*abiotic_env ) { |
116 | // ok, lets add a sapling at the given position (age is incremented later) |
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117 | stree->setSapling(0.05f, 0, species_idx); |
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118 | s->checkState(); |
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119 | rus->saplingStat().mAdded++; |
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1111 | werner | 120 | |
1158 | werner | 121 | } |
1111 | werner | 122 | |
123 | } |
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124 | |||
125 | } |
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126 | } |
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127 | } |
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128 | |||
129 | } |
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130 | |||
131 | } |
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1113 | werner | 132 | |
133 | void Saplings::saplingGrowth(const ResourceUnit *ru) |
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134 | { |
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135 | HeightGrid *height_grid = GlobalSettings::instance()->model()->heightGrid(); |
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136 | FloatGrid *lif_grid = GlobalSettings::instance()->model()->grid(); |
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137 | |||
138 | QPoint imap = mGrid.indexAt(ru->boundingBox().topLeft()); |
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1115 | werner | 139 | bool need_check=false; |
1113 | werner | 140 | for (int iy=0; iy<cPxPerRU; ++iy) { |
141 | SaplingCell *s = mGrid.ptr(imap.x(), imap.y()+iy); // ptr to the row |
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142 | int isc = mGrid.index(imap.x(), imap.y()+iy); |
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143 | |||
144 | for (int ix=0;ix<cPxPerRU; ++ix, ++s, ++isc) { |
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145 | if (s->state != SaplingCell::CellInvalid) { |
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1115 | werner | 146 | need_check=false; |
1113 | werner | 147 | for (int i=0;i<NSAPCELLS;++i) { |
148 | if (s->saplings[i].is_occupied()) { |
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149 | // growth of this sapling tree |
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150 | const HeightGridValue &hgv = (*height_grid)[height_grid->index5(isc)]; |
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151 | float lif_value = (*lif_grid)[isc]; |
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152 | |||
1115 | werner | 153 | need_check |= growSapling(ru, s->saplings[i], isc, hgv.height, lif_value); |
1113 | werner | 154 | } |
155 | } |
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1115 | werner | 156 | if (need_check) |
157 | s->checkState(); |
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1113 | werner | 158 | } |
159 | } |
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160 | } |
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161 | |||
1158 | werner | 162 | |
163 | |||
164 | |||
165 | // store statistics on saplings/regeneration |
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166 | for (QList<ResourceUnitSpecies*>::const_iterator i=ru->ruSpecies().constBegin(); i!=ru->ruSpecies().constEnd(); ++i) { |
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167 | (*i)->saplingStat().calculate((*i)->species(), const_cast<ResourceUnit*>(ru)); |
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168 | (*i)->statistics().add(&((*i)->saplingStat())); |
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169 | } |
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1113 | werner | 170 | } |
171 | |||
172 | void Saplings::updateBrowsingPressure() |
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173 | { |
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174 | if (GlobalSettings::instance()->settings().valueBool("model.settings.browsing.enabled")) |
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175 | Saplings::mBrowsingPressure = GlobalSettings::instance()->settings().valueDouble("model.settings.browsing.browsingPressure"); |
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176 | else |
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177 | Saplings::mBrowsingPressure = 0.; |
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178 | } |
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179 | |||
1115 | werner | 180 | bool Saplings::growSapling(const ResourceUnit *ru, SaplingTree &tree, int isc, float dom_height, float lif_value) |
1113 | werner | 181 | { |
182 | ResourceUnitSpecies *rus = const_cast<ResourceUnitSpecies*>(ru->ruSpecies()[tree.species_index]); |
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183 | const Species *species = rus->species(); |
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184 | |||
185 | // (1) calculate height growth potential for the tree (uses linerization of expressions...) |
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186 | double h_pot = species->saplingGrowthParameters().heightGrowthPotential.calculate(tree.height); |
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187 | double delta_h_pot = h_pot - tree.height; |
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188 | |||
189 | // (2) reduce height growth potential with species growth response f_env_yr and with light state (i.e. LIF-value) of home-pixel. |
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190 | if (dom_height==0.f) |
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191 | throw IException(QString("growSapling: height grid at %1/%2 has value 0").arg(isc)); |
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192 | |||
193 | double rel_height = tree.height / dom_height; |
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194 | |||
195 | double lif_corrected = species->speciesSet()->LRIcorrection(lif_value, rel_height); // correction based on height |
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196 | |||
197 | double lr = species->lightResponse(lif_corrected); // species specific light response (LUI, light utilization index) |
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198 | |||
1118 | werner | 199 | rus->calculate(true); // calculate the 3pg module (this is done only if that did not happen up to now); true: call comes from regeneration |
200 | double f_env_yr = rus->prod3PG().fEnvYear(); |
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1113 | werner | 201 | |
1118 | werner | 202 | double delta_h_factor = f_env_yr * lr; // relative growth |
203 | |||
1113 | werner | 204 | if (h_pot<0. || delta_h_pot<0. || lif_corrected<0. || lif_corrected>1. || delta_h_factor<0. || delta_h_factor>1. ) |
205 | qDebug() << "invalid values in Sapling::growSapling"; |
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206 | |||
207 | // check browsing |
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208 | if (mBrowsingPressure>0. && tree.height<=2.f) { |
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209 | double p = rus->species()->saplingGrowthParameters().browsingProbability; |
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210 | // calculate modifed annual browsing probability via odds-ratios |
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211 | // odds = p/(1-p) -> odds_mod = odds * browsingPressure -> p_mod = odds_mod /( 1 + odds_mod) === p*pressure/(1-p+p*pressure) |
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212 | double p_browse = p*mBrowsingPressure / (1. - p + p*mBrowsingPressure); |
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213 | if (drandom() < p_browse) { |
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214 | delta_h_factor = 0.; |
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215 | } |
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216 | } |
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217 | |||
218 | // check mortality of saplings |
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219 | if (delta_h_factor < species->saplingGrowthParameters().stressThreshold) { |
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220 | tree.stress_years++; |
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221 | if (tree.stress_years > species->saplingGrowthParameters().maxStressYears) { |
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222 | // sapling dies... |
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223 | tree.clear(); |
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1115 | werner | 224 | rus->saplingStat().addCarbonOfDeadSapling( tree.height / species->saplingGrowthParameters().hdSapling * 100.f ); |
1158 | werner | 225 | rus->saplingStat().mDied++; |
1115 | werner | 226 | return true; // need cleanup |
1113 | werner | 227 | } |
228 | } else { |
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229 | tree.stress_years=0; // reset stress counter |
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230 | } |
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231 | DBG_IF(delta_h_pot*delta_h_factor < 0.f || delta_h_pot*delta_h_factor > 2., "Sapling::growSapling", "inplausible height growth."); |
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232 | |||
233 | // grow |
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234 | tree.height += delta_h_pot * delta_h_factor; |
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235 | tree.age++; // increase age of sapling by 1 |
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236 | |||
237 | // recruitment? |
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238 | if (tree.height > 4.f) { |
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239 | rus->saplingStat().mRecruited++; |
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240 | |||
241 | float dbh = tree.height / species->saplingGrowthParameters().hdSapling * 100.f; |
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242 | // the number of trees to create (result is in trees per pixel) |
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243 | double n_trees = species->saplingGrowthParameters().representedStemNumber(dbh); |
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244 | int to_establish = static_cast<int>( n_trees ); |
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245 | |||
246 | // if n_trees is not an integer, choose randomly if we should add a tree. |
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247 | // e.g.: n_trees = 2.3 -> add 2 trees with 70% probability, and add 3 trees with p=30%. |
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248 | if (drandom() < (n_trees-to_establish) || to_establish==0) |
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249 | to_establish++; |
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250 | |||
251 | // add a new tree |
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252 | for (int i=0;i<to_establish;i++) { |
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253 | Tree &bigtree = const_cast<ResourceUnit*>(ru)->newTree(); |
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254 | |||
255 | bigtree.setPosition(mGrid.indexOf(isc)); |
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256 | // add variation: add +/-10% to dbh and *independently* to height. |
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1158 | werner | 257 | bigtree.setDbh(static_cast<float>(dbh * nrandom(1. - mRecruitmentVariation, 1. + mRecruitmentVariation))); |
258 | bigtree.setHeight(static_cast<float>(tree.height * nrandom(1. - mRecruitmentVariation, 1. + mRecruitmentVariation))); |
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1113 | werner | 259 | bigtree.setSpecies( const_cast<Species*>(species) ); |
260 | bigtree.setAge(tree.age,tree.height); |
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261 | bigtree.setRU(const_cast<ResourceUnit*>(ru)); |
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262 | bigtree.setup(); |
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263 | const Tree *t = &bigtree; |
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264 | const_cast<ResourceUnitSpecies*>(rus)->statistics().add(t, 0); // count the newly created trees already in the stats |
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265 | } |
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266 | // clear all regeneration from this pixel (including this tree) |
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267 | tree.clear(); // clear this tree (no carbon flow to the ground) |
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268 | SaplingCell &s=mGrid[isc]; |
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269 | for (int i=0;i<NSAPCELLS;++i) { |
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270 | if (s.saplings[i].is_occupied()) { |
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271 | // add carbon to the ground |
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272 | rus->saplingStat().addCarbonOfDeadSapling( s.saplings[i].height / species->saplingGrowthParameters().hdSapling * 100.f ); |
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273 | s.saplings[i].clear(); |
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274 | } |
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275 | } |
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1115 | werner | 276 | return true; // need cleanup |
1113 | werner | 277 | } |
278 | // book keeping (only for survivors) for the sapling of the resource unit / species |
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279 | SaplingStat &ss = rus->saplingStat(); |
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280 | ss.mLiving++; |
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281 | ss.mAvgHeight+=tree.height; |
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282 | ss.mAvgAge+=tree.age; |
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283 | ss.mAvgDeltaHPot+=delta_h_pot; |
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284 | ss.mAvgHRealized += delta_h_pot * delta_h_factor; |
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1115 | werner | 285 | return false; |
1113 | werner | 286 | } |
287 | |||
288 | void SaplingStat::clearStatistics() |
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289 | { |
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290 | mRecruited=mDied=mLiving=0; |
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291 | mSumDbhDied=0.; |
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292 | mAvgHeight=0.; |
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293 | mAvgAge=0.; |
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294 | mAvgDeltaHPot=mAvgHRealized=0.; |
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1158 | werner | 295 | mAdded=0; |
1113 | werner | 296 | |
297 | } |
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1158 | werner | 298 | |
299 | void SaplingStat::calculate(const Species *species, ResourceUnit *ru) |
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300 | { |
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301 | if (mLiving) { |
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302 | mAvgHeight /= double(mLiving); |
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303 | mAvgAge /= double(mLiving); |
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304 | mAvgDeltaHPot /= double(mLiving); |
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305 | mAvgHRealized /= double(mLiving); |
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306 | } |
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307 | |||
308 | // calculate carbon balance |
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309 | CNPair old_state = mCarbonLiving; |
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310 | mCarbonLiving.clear(); |
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311 | |||
312 | CNPair dead_wood, dead_fine; // pools for mortality |
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313 | // average dbh |
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314 | if (mLiving>0) { |
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315 | // calculate the avg dbh and number of stems |
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316 | double avg_dbh = mAvgHeight / species->saplingGrowthParameters().hdSapling * 100.; |
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317 | double n = mLiving * species->saplingGrowthParameters().representedStemNumber( avg_dbh ); |
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318 | // woody parts: stem, branchse and coarse roots |
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319 | double woody_bm = species->biomassWoody(avg_dbh) + species->biomassBranch(avg_dbh) + species->biomassRoot(avg_dbh); |
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320 | double foliage = species->biomassFoliage(avg_dbh); |
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321 | double fineroot = foliage*species->finerootFoliageRatio(); |
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322 | |||
323 | mCarbonLiving.addBiomass( woody_bm*n, species->cnWood() ); |
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324 | mCarbonLiving.addBiomass( foliage*n, species->cnFoliage() ); |
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325 | mCarbonLiving.addBiomass( fineroot*n, species->cnFineroot() ); |
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326 | |||
327 | // turnover |
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328 | if (ru->snag()) |
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329 | ru->snag()->addTurnoverLitter(species, foliage*species->turnoverLeaf(), fineroot*species->turnoverRoot()); |
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330 | |||
331 | // calculate the "mortality from competition", i.e. carbon that stems from reduction of stem numbers |
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332 | // from Reinekes formula. |
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333 | // |
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334 | if (avg_dbh>1.) { |
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335 | double avg_dbh_before = (mAvgHeight - mAvgHRealized) / species->saplingGrowthParameters().hdSapling * 100.; |
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336 | double n_before = mLiving * species->saplingGrowthParameters().representedStemNumber( qMax(1.,avg_dbh_before) ); |
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337 | if (n<n_before) { |
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338 | dead_wood.addBiomass( woody_bm * (n_before-n), species->cnWood() ); |
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339 | dead_fine.addBiomass( foliage * (n_before-n), species->cnFoliage() ); |
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340 | dead_fine.addBiomass( fineroot * (n_before-n), species->cnFineroot() ); |
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341 | } |
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342 | } |
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343 | |||
344 | } |
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345 | if (mDied) { |
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346 | double avg_dbh_dead = mSumDbhDied / double(mDied); |
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347 | double n = mDied * species->saplingGrowthParameters().representedStemNumber( avg_dbh_dead ); |
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348 | // woody parts: stem, branchse and coarse roots |
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349 | |||
350 | dead_wood.addBiomass( ( species->biomassWoody(avg_dbh_dead) + species->biomassBranch(avg_dbh_dead) + species->biomassRoot(avg_dbh_dead)) * n, species->cnWood() ); |
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351 | double foliage = species->biomassFoliage(avg_dbh_dead)*n; |
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352 | |||
353 | dead_fine.addBiomass( foliage, species->cnFoliage() ); |
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354 | dead_fine.addBiomass( foliage*species->finerootFoliageRatio(), species->cnFineroot() ); |
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355 | } |
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356 | if (!dead_wood.isEmpty() || !dead_fine.isEmpty()) |
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357 | if (ru->snag()) |
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358 | ru->snag()->addToSoil(species, dead_wood, dead_fine); |
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359 | |||
360 | // calculate net growth: |
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361 | // delta of stocks |
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362 | mCarbonGain = mCarbonLiving + dead_fine + dead_wood - old_state; |
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363 | if (mCarbonGain.C < 0) |
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364 | mCarbonGain.clear(); |
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365 | |||
366 | |||
367 | GlobalSettings::instance()->systemStatistics()->saplingCount+=mLiving; |
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368 | GlobalSettings::instance()->systemStatistics()->newSaplings+=mAdded; |
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369 | |||
370 | } |