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671 | werner | 2 | /******************************************************************************************** |
3 | ** iLand - an individual based forest landscape and disturbance model |
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4 | ** http://iland.boku.ac.at |
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5 | ** Copyright (C) 2009- Werner Rammer, Rupert Seidl |
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6 | ** |
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7 | ** This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify |
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8 | ** it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
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9 | ** the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or |
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10 | ** (at your option) any later version. |
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11 | ** |
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12 | ** This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
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13 | ** but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
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14 | ** MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the |
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15 | ** GNU General Public License for more details. |
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16 | ** |
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17 | ** You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
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18 | ** along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
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19 | ********************************************************************************************/ |
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20 | |||
534 | werner | 21 | /** @class ResourceUnit |
22 | ResourceUnit is the spatial unit that encapsulates a forest stand and links to several environmental components |
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23 | (Climate, Soil, Water, ...). |
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697 | werner | 24 | @ingroup core |
25 | A resource unit has a size of (currently) 100x100m. Many processes in iLand operate on the level of a ResourceUnit. |
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26 | Each resource unit has the same Climate and other properties (e.g. available nitrogen). |
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27 | Proceses on this level are, inter alia, NPP Production (see Production3PG), water calculations (WaterCycle), the modeling |
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28 | of dead trees (Snag) and soil processes (Soil). |
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534 | werner | 29 | |
30 | */ |
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31 | #include <QtCore> |
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32 | #include "global.h" |
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33 | |||
34 | #include "resourceunit.h" |
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35 | #include "resourceunitspecies.h" |
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36 | #include "speciesset.h" |
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37 | #include "species.h" |
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38 | #include "production3pg.h" |
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39 | #include "model.h" |
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40 | #include "climate.h" |
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41 | #include "watercycle.h" |
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42 | #include "snag.h" |
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43 | #include "soil.h" |
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44 | #include "helper.h" |
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45 | |||
46 | ResourceUnit::~ResourceUnit() |
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47 | { |
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48 | if (mWater) |
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49 | delete mWater; |
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50 | mWater = 0; |
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51 | if (mSnag) |
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52 | delete mSnag; |
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53 | if (mSoil) |
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54 | delete mSoil; |
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55 | |||
738 | werner | 56 | qDeleteAll(mRUSpecies); |
57 | |||
534 | werner | 58 | mSnag = 0; |
59 | mSoil = 0; |
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60 | } |
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61 | |||
62 | ResourceUnit::ResourceUnit(const int index) |
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63 | { |
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64 | qDeleteAll(mRUSpecies); |
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65 | mSpeciesSet = 0; |
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66 | mClimate = 0; |
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67 | mPixelCount=0; |
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68 | mStockedArea = 0; |
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69 | mStockedPixelCount = 0; |
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1024 | werner | 70 | mAggregatedWLA = 0.; |
71 | mAggregatedLA = 0.; |
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72 | mAggregatedLR = 0.; |
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73 | mEffectiveArea = 0.; |
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74 | mLRI_modification = 0.; |
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534 | werner | 75 | mIndex = index; |
76 | mSaplingHeightMap = 0; |
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77 | mEffectiveArea_perWLA = 0.; |
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78 | mWater = new WaterCycle(); |
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79 | mSnag = 0; |
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80 | mSoil = 0; |
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569 | werner | 81 | mID = 0; |
534 | werner | 82 | } |
83 | |||
84 | void ResourceUnit::setup() |
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85 | { |
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86 | mWater->setup(this); |
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87 | |||
88 | if (mSnag) |
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89 | delete mSnag; |
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90 | mSnag=0; |
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91 | if (mSoil) |
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92 | delete mSoil; |
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93 | mSoil=0; |
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94 | if (Model::settings().carbonCycleEnabled) { |
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591 | werner | 95 | mSoil = new Soil(this); |
534 | werner | 96 | mSnag = new Snag; |
97 | mSnag->setup(this); |
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98 | const XmlHelper &xml=GlobalSettings::instance()->settings(); |
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99 | |||
100 | // setup contents of the soil of the RU; use values for C and N (kg/ha) |
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101 | mSoil->setInitialState(CNPool(xml.valueDouble("model.site.youngLabileC", -1), |
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102 | xml.valueDouble("model.site.youngLabileN", -1), |
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103 | xml.valueDouble("model.site.youngLabileDecompRate", -1)), |
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104 | CNPool(xml.valueDouble("model.site.youngRefractoryC", -1), |
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105 | xml.valueDouble("model.site.youngRefractoryN", -1), |
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106 | xml.valueDouble("model.site.youngRefractoryDecompRate", -1)), |
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107 | CNPair(xml.valueDouble("model.site.somC", -1), xml.valueDouble("model.site.somN", -1))); |
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108 | } |
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109 | |||
110 | // setup variables |
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111 | mUnitVariables.nitrogenAvailable = GlobalSettings::instance()->settings().valueDouble("model.site.availableNitrogen", 40); |
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112 | |||
895 | werner | 113 | // if dynamic coupling of soil nitrogen is enabled, a starting value for available N is calculated |
534 | werner | 114 | if (mSoil && Model::settings().useDynamicAvailableNitrogen && Model::settings().carbonCycleEnabled) { |
115 | mSoil->setClimateFactor(1.); |
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116 | mSoil->calculateYear(); |
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895 | werner | 117 | mUnitVariables.nitrogenAvailable = soil()->availableNitrogen(); |
534 | werner | 118 | } |
664 | werner | 119 | mHasDeadTrees = false; |
534 | werner | 120 | mAverageAging = 0.; |
121 | |||
122 | } |
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123 | void ResourceUnit::setBoundingBox(const QRectF &bb) |
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124 | { |
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125 | mBoundingBox = bb; |
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126 | mCornerCoord = GlobalSettings::instance()->model()->grid()->indexAt(bb.topLeft()); |
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127 | } |
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128 | |||
129 | /// set species and setup the species-per-RU-data |
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130 | void ResourceUnit::setSpeciesSet(SpeciesSet *set) |
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131 | { |
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132 | mSpeciesSet = set; |
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133 | qDeleteAll(mRUSpecies); |
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134 | |||
135 | //mRUSpecies.resize(set->count()); // ensure that the vector space is not relocated |
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136 | for (int i=0;i<set->count();i++) { |
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137 | Species *s = const_cast<Species*>(mSpeciesSet->species(i)); |
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138 | if (!s) |
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139 | throw IException("ResourceUnit::setSpeciesSet: invalid index!"); |
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140 | |||
141 | ResourceUnitSpecies *rus = new ResourceUnitSpecies(); |
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142 | mRUSpecies.push_back(rus); |
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143 | rus->setup(s, this); |
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144 | /* be careful: setup() is called with a pointer somewhere to the content of the mRUSpecies container. |
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145 | If the container memory is relocated (QVector), the pointer gets invalid!!! |
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146 | Therefore, a resize() is called before the loop (no resize()-operations during the loop)! */ |
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147 | //mRUSpecies[i].setup(s,this); // setup this element |
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148 | |||
149 | } |
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150 | } |
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151 | |||
152 | ResourceUnitSpecies &ResourceUnit::resourceUnitSpecies(const Species *species) |
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153 | { |
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154 | return *mRUSpecies[species->index()]; |
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155 | } |
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156 | |||
1040 | werner | 157 | const ResourceUnitSpecies *ResourceUnit::constResourceUnitSpecies(const Species *species) const |
158 | { |
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159 | return mRUSpecies[species->index()]; |
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160 | } |
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161 | |||
534 | werner | 162 | Tree &ResourceUnit::newTree() |
163 | { |
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164 | // start simple: just append to the vector... |
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165 | if (mTrees.isEmpty()) |
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166 | mTrees.reserve(100); // reserve a junk of memory for trees |
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167 | |||
168 | mTrees.append(Tree()); |
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169 | return mTrees.back(); |
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170 | } |
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171 | int ResourceUnit::newTreeIndex() |
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172 | { |
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734 | werner | 173 | newTree(); |
174 | return mTrees.count()-1; // return index of the last tree |
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534 | werner | 175 | } |
176 | |||
177 | /// remove dead trees from tree list |
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178 | /// reduce size of vector if lots of space is free |
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179 | /// tests showed that this way of cleanup is very fast, |
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180 | /// because no memory allocations are performed (simple memmove()) |
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181 | /// when trees are moved. |
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182 | void ResourceUnit::cleanTreeList() |
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183 | { |
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664 | werner | 184 | if (!mHasDeadTrees) |
185 | return; |
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186 | |||
534 | werner | 187 | QVector<Tree>::iterator last=mTrees.end()-1; |
188 | QVector<Tree>::iterator current = mTrees.begin(); |
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189 | while (last>=current && (*last).isDead()) |
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190 | --last; |
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191 | |||
192 | while (current<last) { |
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193 | if ((*current).isDead()) { |
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194 | *current = *last; // copy data! |
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195 | --last; // |
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196 | while (last>=current && (*last).isDead()) |
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197 | --last; |
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198 | } |
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199 | ++current; |
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200 | } |
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201 | ++last; // last points now to the first dead tree |
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202 | |||
203 | // free ressources |
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204 | if (last!=mTrees.end()) { |
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205 | mTrees.erase(last, mTrees.end()); |
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206 | if (mTrees.capacity()>100) { |
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207 | if (mTrees.count() / double(mTrees.capacity()) < 0.2) { |
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208 | //int target_size = mTrees.count()*2; |
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209 | //qDebug() << "reduce size from "<<mTrees.capacity() << "to" << target_size; |
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210 | //mTrees.reserve(qMax(target_size, 100)); |
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664 | werner | 211 | if (logLevelDebug()) |
212 | qDebug() << "reduce tree storage of RU" << index() << " from " << mTrees.capacity() << "to" << mTrees.count(); |
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534 | werner | 213 | mTrees.squeeze(); |
214 | } |
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215 | } |
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216 | } |
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664 | werner | 217 | mHasDeadTrees = false; // reset flag |
534 | werner | 218 | } |
219 | |||
220 | void ResourceUnit::newYear() |
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221 | { |
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222 | mAggregatedWLA = 0.; |
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223 | mAggregatedLA = 0.; |
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224 | mAggregatedLR = 0.; |
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225 | mEffectiveArea = 0.; |
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226 | mPixelCount = mStockedPixelCount = 0; |
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227 | snagNewYear(); |
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609 | werner | 228 | if (mSoil) |
229 | mSoil->newYear(); |
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534 | werner | 230 | // clear statistics global and per species... |
231 | QList<ResourceUnitSpecies*>::const_iterator i; |
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232 | QList<ResourceUnitSpecies*>::const_iterator iend = mRUSpecies.constEnd(); |
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233 | mStatistics.clear(); |
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234 | for (i=mRUSpecies.constBegin(); i!=iend; ++i) { |
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235 | (*i)->statisticsDead().clear(); |
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236 | (*i)->statisticsMgmt().clear(); |
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662 | werner | 237 | (*i)->changeSapling().newYear(); |
534 | werner | 238 | } |
239 | |||
240 | } |
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241 | |||
242 | /** production() is the "stand-level" part of the biomass production (3PG). |
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243 | - The amount of radiation intercepted by the stand is calculated |
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244 | - the water cycle is calculated |
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245 | - statistics for each species are cleared |
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246 | - The 3PG production for each species and ressource unit is called (calculates species-responses and NPP production) |
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247 | see also: http://iland.boku.ac.at/individual+tree+light+availability */ |
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248 | void ResourceUnit::production() |
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249 | { |
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250 | |||
1107 | werner | 251 | if (mAggregatedWLA==0. || mPixelCount==0) { |
936 | werner | 252 | // clear statistics of resourceunitspecies |
253 | for ( QList<ResourceUnitSpecies*>::const_iterator i=mRUSpecies.constBegin(); i!=mRUSpecies.constEnd(); ++i) |
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254 | (*i)->statistics().clear(); |
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255 | mEffectiveArea = 0.; |
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256 | mStockedArea = 0.; |
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534 | werner | 257 | return; |
258 | } |
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259 | |||
260 | // the pixel counters are filled during the height-grid-calculations |
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261 | mStockedArea = 100. * mStockedPixelCount; // m2 (1 height grid pixel = 10x10m) |
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1107 | werner | 262 | if (leafAreaIndex()<3.) { |
263 | // estimate stocked area based on crown projections |
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264 | double crown_area = 0.; |
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265 | for (int i=0;i<mTrees.count();++i) |
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266 | crown_area += mTrees.at(i).isDead() ? 0. : mTrees.at(i).stamp()->reader()->crownArea(); |
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534 | werner | 267 | |
1107 | werner | 268 | qDebug() << "crown area: lai" << leafAreaIndex() << "stocked area (pixels)" << mStockedArea << " area (crown)" << crown_area; |
269 | if (leafAreaIndex()<2.) { |
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270 | mStockedArea = crown_area; |
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271 | } else { |
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272 | |||
273 | double px_frac = leafAreaIndex()-2.; // 0 at LAI=2, 1 at LAI=3 |
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274 | mStockedArea = mStockedArea * px_frac + crown_area * (1. - px_frac); |
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275 | } |
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276 | if (mStockedArea==0.) |
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277 | return; |
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278 | } |
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279 | |||
534 | werner | 280 | // calculate the leaf area index (LAI) |
281 | double LAI = mAggregatedLA / mStockedArea; |
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282 | // calculate the intercepted radiation fraction using the law of Beer Lambert |
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283 | const double k = Model::settings().lightExtinctionCoefficient; |
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284 | double interception_fraction = 1. - exp(-k * LAI); |
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285 | mEffectiveArea = mStockedArea * interception_fraction; // m2 |
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286 | |||
287 | // calculate the total weighted leaf area on this RU: |
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288 | mLRI_modification = interception_fraction * mStockedArea / mAggregatedWLA; // p_WLA |
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289 | if (mLRI_modification == 0.) |
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290 | qDebug() << "lri modifaction==0!"; |
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291 | |||
611 | werner | 292 | if (logLevelDebug()) { |
534 | werner | 293 | DBGMODE(qDebug() << QString("production: LAI: %1 (intercepted fraction: %2, stocked area: %4). LRI-Multiplier: %3") |
294 | .arg(LAI) |
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295 | .arg(interception_fraction) |
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296 | .arg(mLRI_modification) |
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297 | .arg(mStockedArea); |
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298 | ); |
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611 | werner | 299 | } |
534 | werner | 300 | |
301 | // calculate LAI fractions |
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302 | QList<ResourceUnitSpecies*>::const_iterator i; |
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303 | QList<ResourceUnitSpecies*>::const_iterator iend = mRUSpecies.constEnd(); |
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304 | double ru_lai = leafAreaIndex(); |
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305 | if (ru_lai < 1.) |
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306 | ru_lai = 1.; |
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307 | // note: LAIFactors are only 1 if sum of LAI is > 1. (see WaterCycle) |
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308 | for (i=mRUSpecies.constBegin(); i!=iend; ++i) { |
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720 | werner | 309 | double lai_factor = (*i)->statistics().leafAreaIndex() / ru_lai; |
310 | DBGMODE( |
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311 | if (lai_factor > 1.) |
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312 | qDebug() << "LAI factor > 1"; |
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313 | ); |
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314 | (*i)->setLAIfactor( lai_factor ); |
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534 | werner | 315 | } |
316 | |||
317 | // soil water model - this determines soil water contents needed for response calculations |
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318 | { |
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319 | mWater->run(); |
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320 | } |
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321 | |||
322 | // invoke species specific calculation (3PG) |
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323 | for (i=mRUSpecies.constBegin(); i!=iend; ++i) { |
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324 | (*i)->calculate(); // CALCULATE 3PG |
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325 | if (logLevelInfo() && (*i)->LAIfactor()>0) |
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326 | qDebug() << "ru" << mIndex << "species" << (*i)->species()->id() << "LAIfraction" << (*i)->LAIfactor() << "raw_gpp_m2" |
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327 | << (*i)->prod3PG().GPPperArea() << "area:" << productiveArea() << "gpp:" |
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328 | << productiveArea()*(*i)->prod3PG().GPPperArea() |
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329 | << "aging(lastyear):" << averageAging() << "f_env,yr:" << (*i)->prod3PG().fEnvYear(); |
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330 | } |
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331 | } |
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332 | |||
333 | void ResourceUnit::calculateInterceptedArea() |
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334 | { |
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335 | if (mAggregatedLR==0) { |
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336 | mEffectiveArea_perWLA = 0.; |
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337 | return; |
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338 | } |
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339 | Q_ASSERT(mAggregatedLR>0.); |
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340 | mEffectiveArea_perWLA = mEffectiveArea / mAggregatedLR; |
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341 | if (logLevelDebug()) qDebug() << "RU: aggregated lightresponse:" << mAggregatedLR << "eff.area./wla:" << mEffectiveArea_perWLA; |
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342 | } |
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343 | |||
344 | // function is called immediately before the growth of individuals |
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345 | void ResourceUnit::beforeGrow() |
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346 | { |
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347 | mAverageAging = 0.; |
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348 | } |
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349 | |||
350 | // function is called after finishing the indivdual growth / mortality. |
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351 | void ResourceUnit::afterGrow() |
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352 | { |
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353 | mAverageAging = leafArea()>0.?mAverageAging/leafArea():0; // calculate aging value (calls to addAverageAging() by individual trees) |
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354 | if (mAverageAging>0. && mAverageAging<0.00001) |
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355 | qDebug() << "ru" << mIndex << "aging <0.00001"; |
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356 | if (mAverageAging<0. || mAverageAging>1.) |
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357 | qDebug() << "Average aging invalid: (RU, LAI):" << index() << mStatistics.leafAreaIndex(); |
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358 | } |
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359 | |||
360 | void ResourceUnit::yearEnd() |
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361 | { |
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362 | // calculate statistics for all tree species of the ressource unit |
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363 | int c = mRUSpecies.count(); |
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364 | for (int i=0;i<c; i++) { |
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365 | mRUSpecies[i]->statisticsDead().calculate(); // calculate the dead trees |
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366 | mRUSpecies[i]->statisticsMgmt().calculate(); // stats of removed trees |
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367 | mRUSpecies[i]->updateGWL(); // get sum of dead trees (died + removed) |
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368 | mRUSpecies[i]->statistics().calculate(); // calculate the living (and add removed volume to gwl) |
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369 | mStatistics.add(mRUSpecies[i]->statistics()); |
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370 | } |
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371 | mStatistics.calculate(); // aggreagte on stand level |
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372 | |||
373 | } |
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374 | |||
375 | void ResourceUnit::addTreeAgingForAllTrees() |
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376 | { |
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377 | mAverageAging = 0.; |
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378 | foreach(const Tree &t, mTrees) { |
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379 | addTreeAging(t.leafArea(), t.species()->aging(t.height(), t.age())); |
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380 | } |
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381 | |||
382 | } |
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383 | |||
384 | /// refresh of tree based statistics. |
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385 | /// WARNING: this function is only called once (during startup). |
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386 | /// see function "yearEnd()" above!!! |
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387 | void ResourceUnit::createStandStatistics() |
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388 | { |
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389 | // clear statistics (ru-level and ru-species level) |
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390 | mStatistics.clear(); |
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391 | for (int i=0;i<mRUSpecies.count();i++) { |
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392 | mRUSpecies[i]->statistics().clear(); |
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393 | mRUSpecies[i]->statisticsDead().clear(); |
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394 | mRUSpecies[i]->statisticsMgmt().clear(); |
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395 | } |
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396 | |||
397 | // add all trees to the statistics objects of the species |
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398 | foreach(const Tree &t, mTrees) { |
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399 | if (!t.isDead()) |
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400 | resourceUnitSpecies(t.species()).statistics().add(&t, 0); |
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401 | } |
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402 | // summarize statistics for the whole resource unit |
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403 | for (int i=0;i<mRUSpecies.count();i++) { |
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404 | mRUSpecies[i]->statistics().calculate(); |
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405 | mStatistics.add(mRUSpecies[i]->statistics()); |
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406 | } |
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407 | mStatistics.calculate(); |
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575 | werner | 408 | mAverageAging = mStatistics.leafAreaIndex()>0.?mAverageAging / (mStatistics.leafAreaIndex()*stockableArea()):0.; |
534 | werner | 409 | if (mAverageAging<0. || mAverageAging>1.) |
410 | qDebug() << "Average aging invalid: (RU, LAI):" << index() << mStatistics.leafAreaIndex(); |
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411 | } |
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412 | |||
720 | werner | 413 | /** recreate statistics. This is necessary after events that changed the structure |
414 | of the stand *after* the growth of trees (where stand statistics are updated). |
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415 | An example is after disturbances. */ |
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416 | void ResourceUnit::recreateStandStatistics() |
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417 | { |
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418 | for (int i=0;i<mRUSpecies.count();i++) { |
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419 | mRUSpecies[i]->statistics().clear(); |
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420 | } |
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421 | foreach(const Tree &t, mTrees) { |
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422 | resourceUnitSpecies(t.species()).statistics().add(&t, 0); |
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423 | } |
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937 | werner | 424 | for (int i=0;i<mRUSpecies.count();i++) { |
425 | mRUSpecies[i]->statistics().calculate(); |
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426 | } |
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720 | werner | 427 | } |
428 | |||
824 | werner | 429 | void ResourceUnit::setSaplingHeightMap(float *map_pointer) |
430 | { |
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431 | // set to zero |
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432 | mSaplingHeightMap=map_pointer; |
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433 | if (!mSaplingHeightMap) |
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434 | return; |
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435 | for (int i=0;i<cPxPerRU*cPxPerRU;i++) |
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436 | mSaplingHeightMap[i]=0.f; |
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437 | // flag all trees in the resource unit |
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438 | for (QVector<Tree>::const_iterator i=mTrees.cbegin(); i!= mTrees.cend(); ++i) { |
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439 | setMaxSaplingHeightAt(i->positionIndex(), 10.f); |
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440 | } |
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441 | } |
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442 | |||
534 | werner | 443 | void ResourceUnit::setMaxSaplingHeightAt(const QPoint &position, const float height) |
444 | { |
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445 | Q_ASSERT(mSaplingHeightMap); |
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446 | int pixel_index = cPxPerRU*(position.x()-mCornerCoord.x())+(position.y()-mCornerCoord.y()); |
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447 | if (pixel_index<0 || pixel_index>=cPxPerRU*cPxPerRU) { |
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448 | qDebug() << "setSaplingHeightAt-Error for position" << position << "for RU at" << boundingBox() << "with corner" << mCornerCoord; |
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449 | } else { |
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450 | if (mSaplingHeightMap[pixel_index]<height) |
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451 | mSaplingHeightMap[pixel_index]=height; |
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452 | } |
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453 | } |
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454 | |||
455 | /// clear all saplings of all species on a given position (after recruitment) |
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456 | void ResourceUnit::clearSaplings(const QPoint &position) |
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457 | { |
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458 | foreach(ResourceUnitSpecies* rus, mRUSpecies) |
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459 | rus->clearSaplings(position); |
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460 | |||
461 | } |
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462 | |||
662 | werner | 463 | /// kill all saplings within a given rect |
464 | void ResourceUnit::clearSaplings(const QRectF pixel_rect, const bool remove_from_soil) |
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465 | { |
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466 | foreach(ResourceUnitSpecies* rus, mRUSpecies) { |
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467 | rus->changeSapling().clearSaplings(pixel_rect, remove_from_soil); |
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468 | } |
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469 | |||
470 | } |
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471 | |||
600 | werner | 472 | float ResourceUnit::saplingHeightForInit(const QPoint &position) const |
473 | { |
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474 | double maxh = 0.; |
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475 | foreach(ResourceUnitSpecies* rus, mRUSpecies) |
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476 | maxh = qMax(maxh, rus->sapling().heightAt(position)); |
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477 | return maxh; |
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478 | } |
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534 | werner | 479 | |
480 | void ResourceUnit::calculateCarbonCycle() |
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481 | { |
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482 | if (!snag()) |
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483 | return; |
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484 | |||
485 | // (1) calculate the snag dynamics |
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486 | // because all carbon/nitrogen-flows from trees to the soil are routed through the snag-layer, |
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487 | // all soil inputs (litter + deadwood) are collected in the Snag-object. |
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488 | snag()->calculateYear(); |
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489 | soil()->setClimateFactor( snag()->climateFactor() ); // the climate factor is only calculated once |
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490 | soil()->setSoilInput( snag()->labileFlux(), snag()->refractoryFlux()); |
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491 | soil()->calculateYear(); // update the ICBM/2N model |
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492 | // use available nitrogen? |
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493 | if (Model::settings().useDynamicAvailableNitrogen) |
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494 | mUnitVariables.nitrogenAvailable = soil()->availableNitrogen(); |
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495 | |||
496 | // debug output |
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497 | if (GlobalSettings::instance()->isDebugEnabled(GlobalSettings::dCarbonCycle) && !snag()->isEmpty()) { |
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498 | DebugList &out = GlobalSettings::instance()->debugList(index(), GlobalSettings::dCarbonCycle); |
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605 | werner | 499 | out << index() << id(); // resource unit index and id |
534 | werner | 500 | out << snag()->debugList(); // snag debug outs |
501 | out << soil()->debugList(); // ICBM/2N debug outs |
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502 | } |
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503 | |||
504 | } |
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600 | werner | 505 | |
506 |