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671 | werner | 2 | /******************************************************************************************** |
3 | ** iLand - an individual based forest landscape and disturbance model |
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4 | ** http://iland.boku.ac.at |
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5 | ** Copyright (C) 2009- Werner Rammer, Rupert Seidl |
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6 | ** |
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7 | ** This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify |
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8 | ** it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
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9 | ** the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or |
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10 | ** (at your option) any later version. |
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11 | ** |
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12 | ** This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
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13 | ** but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
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14 | ** MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the |
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15 | ** GNU General Public License for more details. |
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16 | ** |
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17 | ** You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
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18 | ** along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
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19 | ********************************************************************************************/ |
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20 | |||
468 | werner | 21 | #include "snag.h" |
22 | #include "tree.h" |
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23 | #include "species.h" |
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24 | #include "globalsettings.h" |
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25 | #include "expression.h" |
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490 | werner | 26 | // for calculation of climate decomposition |
27 | #include "resourceunit.h" |
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28 | #include "watercycle.h" |
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29 | #include "climate.h" |
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541 | werner | 30 | #include "model.h" |
468 | werner | 31 | |
32 | /** @class Snag |
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697 | werner | 33 | @ingroup core |
468 | werner | 34 | Snag deals with carbon / nitrogen fluxes from the forest until the reach soil pools. |
490 | werner | 35 | Snag lives on the level of the ResourceUnit; carbon fluxes from trees enter Snag, and parts of the biomass of snags |
468 | werner | 36 | is subsequently forwarded to the soil sub model. |
522 | werner | 37 | Carbon is stored in three classes (depending on the size) |
528 | werner | 38 | The Snag dynamics class uses the following species parameter: |
39 | cnFoliage, cnFineroot, cnWood, snagHalflife, snagKSW |
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468 | werner | 40 | |
41 | */ |
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42 | // static variables |
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528 | werner | 43 | double Snag::mDBHLower = -1.; |
522 | werner | 44 | double Snag::mDBHHigher = 0.; |
45 | double Snag::mCarbonThreshold[] = {0., 0., 0.}; |
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46 | |||
534 | werner | 47 | double CNPair::biomassCFraction = biomassCFraction; // get global from globalsettings.h |
468 | werner | 48 | |
534 | werner | 49 | /// add biomass and weigh the parameter_value with the current C-content of the pool |
50 | void CNPool::addBiomass(const double biomass, const double CNratio, const double parameter_value) |
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51 | { |
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52 | if (biomass==0.) |
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53 | return; |
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54 | double new_c = biomass*biomassCFraction; |
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55 | double p_old = C / (new_c + C); |
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56 | mParameter = mParameter*p_old + parameter_value*(1.-p_old); |
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57 | CNPair::addBiomass(biomass, CNratio); |
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58 | } |
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59 | |||
60 | // increase pool (and weigh the value) |
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61 | void CNPool::operator+=(const CNPool &s) |
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62 | { |
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63 | if (s.C==0.) |
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64 | return; |
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65 | mParameter = parameter(s); // calculate weighted parameter |
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66 | C+=s.C; |
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67 | N+=s.N; |
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68 | } |
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69 | |||
70 | double CNPool::parameter(const CNPool &s) const |
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71 | { |
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72 | if (s.C==0.) |
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73 | return parameter(); |
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74 | double p_old = C / (s.C + C); |
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75 | double result = mParameter*p_old + s.parameter()*(1.-p_old); |
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76 | return result; |
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77 | } |
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78 | |||
79 | |||
522 | werner | 80 | void Snag::setupThresholds(const double lower, const double upper) |
81 | { |
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82 | if (mDBHLower == lower) |
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83 | return; |
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84 | mDBHLower = lower; |
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85 | mDBHHigher = upper; |
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86 | mCarbonThreshold[0] = lower / 2.; |
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87 | mCarbonThreshold[1] = lower + (upper - lower)/2.; |
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88 | mCarbonThreshold[2] = upper + (upper - lower)/2.; |
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89 | //# threshold levels for emptying out the dbh-snag-classes |
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90 | //# derived from Psme woody allometry, converted to C, with a threshold level set to 10% |
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91 | //# values in kg! |
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92 | for (int i=0;i<3;i++) |
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93 | mCarbonThreshold[i] = 0.10568*pow(mCarbonThreshold[i],2.4247)*0.5*0.1; |
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94 | } |
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95 | |||
96 | |||
468 | werner | 97 | Snag::Snag() |
98 | { |
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490 | werner | 99 | mRU = 0; |
534 | werner | 100 | CNPair::setCFraction(biomassCFraction); |
468 | werner | 101 | } |
102 | |||
490 | werner | 103 | void Snag::setup( const ResourceUnit *ru) |
468 | werner | 104 | { |
490 | werner | 105 | mRU = ru; |
106 | mClimateFactor = 0.; |
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468 | werner | 107 | // branches |
108 | mBranchCounter=0; |
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109 | for (int i=0;i<3;i++) { |
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110 | mTimeSinceDeath[i] = 0.; |
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111 | mNumberOfSnags[i] = 0.; |
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522 | werner | 112 | mAvgDbh[i] = 0.; |
113 | mAvgHeight[i] = 0.; |
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114 | mAvgVolume[i] = 0.; |
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115 | mKSW[i] = 0.; |
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116 | mCurrentKSW[i] = 0.; |
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557 | werner | 117 | mHalfLife[i] = 0.; |
468 | werner | 118 | } |
475 | werner | 119 | mTotalSnagCarbon = 0.; |
528 | werner | 120 | if (mDBHLower<=0) |
121 | throw IException("Snag::setupThresholds() not called or called with invalid parameters."); |
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557 | werner | 122 | |
123 | // Inital values from XML file |
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124 | XmlHelper xml=GlobalSettings::instance()->settings(); |
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574 | werner | 125 | double kyr = xml.valueDouble("model.site.youngRefractoryDecompRate", -1); |
557 | werner | 126 | // put carbon of snags to the middle size class |
127 | xml.setCurrentNode("model.initialization.snags"); |
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128 | mSWD[1].C = xml.valueDouble(".swdC"); |
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129 | mSWD[1].N = mSWD[1].C / xml.valueDouble(".swdCN", 50.); |
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130 | mSWD[1].setParameter(kyr); |
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131 | mKSW[1] = xml.valueDouble(".swdDecompRate"); |
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132 | mNumberOfSnags[1] = xml.valueDouble(".swdCount"); |
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133 | mHalfLife[1] = xml.valueDouble(".swdHalfLife"); |
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134 | // and for the Branch/coarse root pools: split the init value into five chunks |
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135 | CNPool other(xml.valueDouble(".otherC"), xml.valueDouble(".otherC")/xml.valueDouble(".otherCN", 50.), kyr ); |
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136 | |||
137 | mTotalSnagCarbon = other.C + mSWD[1].C; |
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138 | |||
139 | other *= 0.2; |
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140 | for (int i=0;i<5;i++) |
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141 | mOtherWood[i] = other; |
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468 | werner | 142 | } |
143 | |||
1157 | werner | 144 | void Snag::scaleInitialState() |
145 | { |
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146 | double area_factor = mRU->stockableArea() / cRUArea; // fraction stockable area |
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147 | // avoid huge snag pools on very small resource units (see also soil.cpp) |
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148 | // area_factor = std::max(area_factor, 0.1); |
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149 | mSWD[1] *= area_factor; |
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150 | mNumberOfSnags[1] *= area_factor; |
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151 | for (int i=0;i<5;i++) |
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152 | mOtherWood[i]*= area_factor; |
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153 | mTotalSnagCarbon *= area_factor; |
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154 | |||
155 | } |
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156 | |||
475 | werner | 157 | // debug outputs |
158 | QList<QVariant> Snag::debugList() |
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159 | { |
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160 | // list columns |
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161 | // for three pools |
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162 | QList<QVariant> list; |
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163 | |||
523 | werner | 164 | // totals |
165 | list << mTotalSnagCarbon << mTotalIn.C << mTotalToAtm.C << mSWDtoSoil.C << mSWDtoSoil.N; |
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477 | werner | 166 | // fluxes to labile soil pool and to refractory soil pool |
524 | werner | 167 | list << mLabileFlux.C << mLabileFlux.N << mRefractoryFlux.C << mRefractoryFlux.N; |
475 | werner | 168 | |
169 | for (int i=0;i<3;i++) { |
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170 | // pools "swdx_c", "swdx_n", "swdx_count", "swdx_tsd", "toswdx_c", "toswdx_n" |
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171 | list << mSWD[i].C << mSWD[i].N << mNumberOfSnags[i] << mTimeSinceDeath[i] << mToSWD[i].C << mToSWD[i].N; |
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524 | werner | 172 | list << mAvgDbh[i] << mAvgHeight[i] << mAvgVolume[i]; |
475 | werner | 173 | } |
174 | |||
540 | werner | 175 | // branch/coarse wood pools (5 yrs) |
176 | for (int i=0;i<5;i++) { |
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177 | list << mOtherWood[i].C << mOtherWood[i].N; |
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178 | } |
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179 | // list << mOtherWood[mBranchCounter].C << mOtherWood[mBranchCounter].N |
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180 | // << mOtherWood[(mBranchCounter+1)%5].C << mOtherWood[(mBranchCounter+1)%5].N |
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181 | // << mOtherWood[(mBranchCounter+2)%5].C << mOtherWood[(mBranchCounter+2)%5].N |
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182 | // << mOtherWood[(mBranchCounter+3)%5].C << mOtherWood[(mBranchCounter+3)%5].N |
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183 | // << mOtherWood[(mBranchCounter+4)%5].C << mOtherWood[(mBranchCounter+4)%5].N; |
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475 | werner | 184 | return list; |
185 | } |
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186 | |||
713 | werner | 187 | |
468 | werner | 188 | void Snag::newYear() |
189 | { |
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190 | for (int i=0;i<3;i++) { |
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191 | mToSWD[i].clear(); // clear transfer pools to standing-woody-debris |
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522 | werner | 192 | mCurrentKSW[i] = 0.; |
468 | werner | 193 | } |
194 | mLabileFlux.clear(); |
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195 | mRefractoryFlux.clear(); |
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476 | werner | 196 | mTotalToAtm.clear(); |
197 | mTotalToExtern.clear(); |
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609 | werner | 198 | mTotalToDisturbance.clear(); |
476 | werner | 199 | mTotalIn.clear(); |
477 | werner | 200 | mSWDtoSoil.clear(); |
468 | werner | 201 | } |
202 | |||
490 | werner | 203 | /// calculate the dynamic climate modifier for decomposition 're' |
522 | werner | 204 | /// calculation is done on the level of ResourceUnit because the water content per day is needed. |
490 | werner | 205 | double Snag::calculateClimateFactors() |
206 | { |
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770 | werner | 207 | // the calculation of climate factors requires calculated evapotranspiration. In cases without vegetation (trees or saplings) |
208 | // we have to trigger the water cycle calculation for ourselves [ the waterCycle checks if it has already been run in a year and doesn't run twice in that case ] |
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209 | const_cast<WaterCycle*>(mRU->waterCycle())->run(); |
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490 | werner | 210 | double ft, fw; |
211 | double f_sum = 0.; |
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552 | werner | 212 | int iday=0; |
553 | werner | 213 | // calculate the water-factor for each month (see Adair et al 2008) |
214 | double fw_month[12]; |
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215 | double ratio; |
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216 | for (int m=0;m<12;m++) { |
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562 | werner | 217 | if (mRU->waterCycle()->referenceEvapotranspiration()[m]>0.) |
218 | ratio = mRU->climate()->precipitationMonth()[m] / mRU->waterCycle()->referenceEvapotranspiration()[m]; |
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553 | werner | 219 | else |
220 | ratio = 0; |
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221 | fw_month[m] = 1. / (1. + 30.*exp(-8.5*ratio)); |
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564 | werner | 222 | if (logLevelDebug()) qDebug() <<"month"<< m << "PET" << mRU->waterCycle()->referenceEvapotranspiration()[m] << "prec" <<mRU->climate()->precipitationMonth()[m]; |
553 | werner | 223 | } |
224 | |||
552 | werner | 225 | for (const ClimateDay *day=mRU->climate()->begin(); day!=mRU->climate()->end(); ++day, ++iday) |
490 | werner | 226 | { |
227 | ft = exp(308.56*(1./56.02-1./((273.+day->temperature)-227.13))); // empirical variable Q10 model of Lloyd and Taylor (1994), see also Adair et al. (2008) |
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553 | werner | 228 | fw = fw_month[day->month-1]; |
540 | werner | 229 | |
490 | werner | 230 | f_sum += ft*fw; |
231 | } |
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232 | // the climate factor is defined as the arithmentic annual mean value |
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233 | mClimateFactor = f_sum / double(mRU->climate()->daysOfYear()); |
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234 | return mClimateFactor; |
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235 | } |
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236 | |||
522 | werner | 237 | /// do the yearly calculation |
238 | /// see http://iland.boku.ac.at/snag+dynamics |
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526 | werner | 239 | void Snag::calculateYear() |
468 | werner | 240 | { |
522 | werner | 241 | mSWDtoSoil.clear(); |
925 | werner | 242 | |
243 | // calculate anyway, because also the soil module needs it (and currently one can have Snag and Soil only as a couple) |
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244 | calculateClimateFactors(); |
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245 | const double climate_factor_re = mClimateFactor; |
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246 | |||
477 | werner | 247 | if (isEmpty()) // nothing to do |
475 | werner | 248 | return; |
249 | |||
468 | werner | 250 | // process branches: every year one of the five baskets is emptied and transfered to the refractory soil pool |
540 | werner | 251 | mRefractoryFlux+=mOtherWood[mBranchCounter]; |
252 | mOtherWood[mBranchCounter].clear(); |
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468 | werner | 253 | mBranchCounter= (mBranchCounter+1) % 5; // increase index, roll over to 0. |
1202 | werner | 254 | |
540 | werner | 255 | // decay of branches/coarse roots |
256 | for (int i=0;i<5;i++) { |
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257 | if (mOtherWood[i].C>0.) { |
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258 | double survive_rate = exp(- climate_factor_re * mOtherWood[i].parameter() ); // parameter: the "kyr" value... |
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1202 | werner | 259 | mTotalToAtm.C += mOtherWood[i].C * (1. - survive_rate); // flux to atmosphere (decayed carbon) |
540 | werner | 260 | mOtherWood[i].C *= survive_rate; |
261 | } |
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262 | } |
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468 | werner | 263 | |
264 | // process standing snags. |
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265 | // the input of the current year is in the mToSWD-Pools |
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266 | for (int i=0;i<3;i++) { |
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267 | |||
522 | werner | 268 | // update the swd-pool with this years' input |
269 | if (!mToSWD[i].isEmpty()) { |
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270 | // update decay rate (apply average yearly input to the state parameters) |
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271 | mKSW[i] = mKSW[i]*(mSWD[i].C/(mSWD[i].C+mToSWD[i].C)) + mCurrentKSW[i]*(mToSWD[i].C/(mSWD[i].C+mToSWD[i].C)); |
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272 | //move content to the SWD pool |
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273 | mSWD[i] += mToSWD[i]; |
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274 | } |
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475 | werner | 275 | |
522 | werner | 276 | if (mSWD[i].C > 0) { |
277 | // reduce the Carbon (note: the N stays, thus the CN ratio changes) |
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278 | // use the decay rate that is derived as a weighted average of all standing woody debris |
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523 | werner | 279 | double survive_rate = exp(-mKSW[i] *climate_factor_re * 1. ); // 1: timestep |
280 | mTotalToAtm.C += mSWD[i].C * (1. - survive_rate); |
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281 | mSWD[i].C *= survive_rate; |
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468 | werner | 282 | |
522 | werner | 283 | // transition to downed woody debris |
284 | // update: use negative exponential decay, species parameter: half-life |
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285 | // modified for the climatic effect on decomposition, i.e. if decomp is slower, snags stand longer and vice versa |
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286 | // this is loosely oriented on Standcarb2 (http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/pubs/webdocs/models/standcarb2.htm), |
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287 | // where lag times for cohort transitions are linearly modified with re although here individual good or bad years have |
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288 | // an immediate effect, the average climatic influence should come through (and it is inherently transient) |
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289 | // note that swd.hl is species-specific, and thus a weighted average over the species in the input (=mortality) |
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290 | // needs to be calculated, followed by a weighted update of the previous swd.hl. |
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291 | // As weights here we use stem number, as the processes here pertain individual snags |
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292 | // calculate the transition probability of SWD to downed dead wood |
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468 | werner | 293 | |
522 | werner | 294 | double half_life = mHalfLife[i] / climate_factor_re; |
295 | double rate = -M_LN2 / half_life; // M_LN2: math. constant |
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296 | |||
297 | // higher decay rate for the class with smallest diameters |
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298 | if (i==0) |
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299 | rate*=2.; |
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300 | |||
523 | werner | 301 | double transfer = 1. - exp(rate); |
522 | werner | 302 | |
468 | werner | 303 | // calculate flow to soil pool... |
522 | werner | 304 | mSWDtoSoil += mSWD[i] * transfer; |
305 | mRefractoryFlux += mSWD[i] * transfer; |
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306 | mSWD[i] *= (1.-transfer); // reduce pool |
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468 | werner | 307 | // calculate the stem number of remaining snags |
522 | werner | 308 | mNumberOfSnags[i] = mNumberOfSnags[i] * (1. - transfer); |
523 | werner | 309 | |
310 | mTimeSinceDeath[i] += 1.; |
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522 | werner | 311 | // if stems<0.5, empty the whole cohort into DWD, i.e. release the last bit of C and N and clear the stats |
312 | // also, if the Carbon of an average snag is less than 10% of the original average tree |
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313 | // (derived from allometries for the three diameter classes), the whole cohort is emptied out to DWD |
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314 | if (mNumberOfSnags[i] < 0.5 || mSWD[i].C / mNumberOfSnags[i] < mCarbonThreshold[i]) { |
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315 | // clear the pool: add the rest to the soil, clear statistics of the pool |
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468 | werner | 316 | mRefractoryFlux += mSWD[i]; |
522 | werner | 317 | mSWDtoSoil += mSWD[i]; |
468 | werner | 318 | mSWD[i].clear(); |
522 | werner | 319 | mAvgDbh[i] = 0.; |
320 | mAvgHeight[i] = 0.; |
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321 | mAvgVolume[i] = 0.; |
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322 | mKSW[i] = 0.; |
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323 | mCurrentKSW[i] = 0.; |
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324 | mHalfLife[i] = 0.; |
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325 | mTimeSinceDeath[i] = 0.; |
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468 | werner | 326 | } |
522 | werner | 327 | |
468 | werner | 328 | } |
522 | werner | 329 | |
468 | werner | 330 | } |
522 | werner | 331 | // total carbon in the snag-container on the RU *after* processing is the content of the |
475 | werner | 332 | // standing woody debris pools + the branches |
333 | mTotalSnagCarbon = mSWD[0].C + mSWD[1].C + mSWD[2].C + |
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540 | werner | 334 | mOtherWood[0].C + mOtherWood[1].C + mOtherWood[2].C + mOtherWood[3].C + mOtherWood[4].C; |
587 | werner | 335 | mTotalSWD = mSWD[0] + mSWD[1] + mSWD[2]; |
336 | mTotalOther = mOtherWood[0] + mOtherWood[1] + mOtherWood[2] + mOtherWood[3] + mOtherWood[4]; |
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468 | werner | 337 | } |
338 | |||
339 | /// foliage and fineroot litter is transferred during tree growth. |
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588 | werner | 340 | void Snag::addTurnoverLitter(const Species *species, const double litter_foliage, const double litter_fineroot) |
468 | werner | 341 | { |
588 | werner | 342 | mLabileFlux.addBiomass(litter_foliage, species->cnFoliage(), species->snagKyl()); |
343 | mLabileFlux.addBiomass(litter_fineroot, species->cnFineroot(), species->snagKyl()); |
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1160 | werner | 344 | DBGMODE( |
345 | if (isnan(mLabileFlux.C)) |
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346 | qDebug("Snag::addTurnoverLitter: NaN"); |
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347 | ); |
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468 | werner | 348 | } |
349 | |||
595 | werner | 350 | void Snag::addTurnoverWood(const Species *species, const double woody_biomass) |
351 | { |
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352 | mRefractoryFlux.addBiomass(woody_biomass, species->cnWood(), species->snagKyr()); |
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1160 | werner | 353 | DBGMODE( |
354 | if (isnan(mRefractoryFlux.C)) |
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355 | qDebug("Snag::addTurnoverWood: NaN"); |
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356 | ); |
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357 | |||
595 | werner | 358 | } |
359 | |||
713 | werner | 360 | |
361 | /** process the remnants of a single tree. |
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362 | The part of the stem / branch not covered by snag/soil fraction is removed from the system (e.g. harvest, fire) |
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363 | @param tree the tree to process |
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364 | @param stem_to_snag fraction (0..1) of the stem biomass that should be moved to a standing snag |
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365 | @param stem_to_soil fraction (0..1) of the stem biomass that should go directly to the soil |
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366 | @param branch_to_snag fraction (0..1) of the branch biomass that should be moved to a standing snag |
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367 | @param branch_to_soil fraction (0..1) of the branch biomass that should go directly to the soil |
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368 | @param foliage_to_soil fraction (0..1) of the foliage biomass that should go directly to the soil |
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369 | |||
370 | */ |
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371 | void Snag::addBiomassPools(const Tree *tree, |
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372 | const double stem_to_snag, const double stem_to_soil, |
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373 | const double branch_to_snag, const double branch_to_soil, |
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374 | const double foliage_to_soil) |
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468 | werner | 375 | { |
528 | werner | 376 | const Species *species = tree->species(); |
468 | werner | 377 | |
713 | werner | 378 | double branch_biomass = tree->biomassBranch(); |
379 | // fine roots go to the labile pool |
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380 | mLabileFlux.addBiomass(tree->biomassFineRoot(), species->cnFineroot(), species->snagKyl()); |
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468 | werner | 381 | |
713 | werner | 382 | // a part of the foliage goes to the soil |
383 | mLabileFlux.addBiomass(tree->biomassFoliage() * foliage_to_soil, species->cnFoliage(), species->snagKyl()); |
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384 | |||
385 | //coarse roots and a part of branches are equally distributed over five years: |
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386 | double biomass_rest = (tree->biomassCoarseRoot() + branch_to_snag*branch_biomass) * 0.2; |
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468 | werner | 387 | for (int i=0;i<5; i++) |
713 | werner | 388 | mOtherWood[i].addBiomass(biomass_rest, species->cnWood(), species->snagKyr()); |
468 | werner | 389 | |
713 | werner | 390 | // the other part of the branches goes directly to the soil |
391 | mRefractoryFlux.addBiomass(branch_biomass*branch_to_soil, species->cnWood(), species->snagKyr() ); |
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392 | // a part of the stem wood goes directly to the soil |
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393 | mRefractoryFlux.addBiomass(tree->biomassStem()*stem_to_soil, species->cnWood(), species->snagKyr() ); |
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394 | |||
395 | // just for book-keeping: keep track of all inputs of branches / roots / swd into the "snag" pools |
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396 | mTotalIn.addBiomass(tree->biomassBranch()*branch_to_snag + tree->biomassCoarseRoot() + tree->biomassStem()*stem_to_snag, species->cnWood()); |
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468 | werner | 397 | // stem biomass is transferred to the standing woody debris pool (SWD), increase stem number of pool |
522 | werner | 398 | int pi = poolIndex(tree->dbh()); // get right transfer pool |
399 | |||
713 | werner | 400 | if (stem_to_snag>0.) { |
401 | // update statistics - stemnumber-weighted averages |
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402 | // note: here the calculations are repeated for every died trees (i.e. consecutive weighting ... but delivers the same results) |
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403 | double p_old = mNumberOfSnags[pi] / (mNumberOfSnags[pi] + 1); // weighting factor for state vars (based on stem numbers) |
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404 | double p_new = 1. / (mNumberOfSnags[pi] + 1); // weighting factor for added tree (p_old + p_new = 1). |
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405 | mAvgDbh[pi] = mAvgDbh[pi]*p_old + tree->dbh()*p_new; |
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406 | mAvgHeight[pi] = mAvgHeight[pi]*p_old + tree->height()*p_new; |
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407 | mAvgVolume[pi] = mAvgVolume[pi]*p_old + tree->volume()*p_new; |
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408 | mTimeSinceDeath[pi] = mTimeSinceDeath[pi]*p_old + 1.*p_new; |
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409 | mHalfLife[pi] = mHalfLife[pi]*p_old + species->snagHalflife()* p_new; |
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522 | werner | 410 | |
713 | werner | 411 | // average the decay rate (ksw); this is done based on the carbon content |
412 | // aggregate all trees that die in the current year (and save weighted decay rates to CurrentKSW) |
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413 | p_old = mToSWD[pi].C / (mToSWD[pi].C + tree->biomassStem()* biomassCFraction); |
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414 | p_new =tree->biomassStem()* biomassCFraction / (mToSWD[pi].C + tree->biomassStem()* biomassCFraction); |
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415 | mCurrentKSW[pi] = mCurrentKSW[pi]*p_old + species->snagKsw() * p_new; |
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416 | mNumberOfSnags[pi]++; |
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417 | } |
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523 | werner | 418 | |
713 | werner | 419 | // finally add the biomass of the stem to the standing snag pool |
534 | werner | 420 | CNPool &to_swd = mToSWD[pi]; |
713 | werner | 421 | to_swd.addBiomass(tree->biomassStem()*stem_to_snag, species->cnWood(), species->snagKyr()); |
422 | |||
423 | // the biomass that is not routed to snags or directly to the soil |
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424 | // is removed from the system (to atmosphere or harvested) |
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425 | mTotalToExtern.addBiomass(tree->biomassFoliage()* (1. - foliage_to_soil) + |
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426 | branch_biomass*(1. - branch_to_snag - branch_to_soil) + |
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427 | tree->biomassStem()*(1. - stem_to_snag - stem_to_soil), species->cnWood()); |
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428 | |||
468 | werner | 429 | } |
430 | |||
713 | werner | 431 | |
432 | /// after the death of the tree the five biomass compartments are processed. |
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433 | void Snag::addMortality(const Tree *tree) |
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434 | { |
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435 | addBiomassPools(tree, 1., 0., // all stem biomass goes to snag |
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436 | 1., 0., // all branch biomass to snag |
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437 | 1.); // all foliage to soil |
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438 | |||
439 | // const Species *species = tree->species(); |
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440 | |||
441 | // // immediate flows: 100% of foliage, 100% of fine roots: they go to the labile pool |
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442 | // mLabileFlux.addBiomass(tree->biomassFoliage(), species->cnFoliage(), tree->species()->snagKyl()); |
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443 | // mLabileFlux.addBiomass(tree->biomassFineRoot(), species->cnFineroot(), tree->species()->snagKyl()); |
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444 | |||
445 | // // branches and coarse roots are equally distributed over five years: |
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446 | // double biomass_rest = (tree->biomassBranch()+tree->biomassCoarseRoot()) * 0.2; |
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447 | // for (int i=0;i<5; i++) |
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448 | // mOtherWood[i].addBiomass(biomass_rest, species->cnWood(), tree->species()->snagKyr()); |
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449 | |||
450 | // // just for book-keeping: keep track of all inputs into branches / roots / swd |
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451 | // mTotalIn.addBiomass(tree->biomassBranch() + tree->biomassCoarseRoot() + tree->biomassStem(), species->cnWood()); |
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452 | // // stem biomass is transferred to the standing woody debris pool (SWD), increase stem number of pool |
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453 | // int pi = poolIndex(tree->dbh()); // get right transfer pool |
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454 | |||
455 | // // update statistics - stemnumber-weighted averages |
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456 | // // note: here the calculations are repeated for every died trees (i.e. consecutive weighting ... but delivers the same results) |
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457 | // double p_old = mNumberOfSnags[pi] / (mNumberOfSnags[pi] + 1); // weighting factor for state vars (based on stem numbers) |
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458 | // double p_new = 1. / (mNumberOfSnags[pi] + 1); // weighting factor for added tree (p_old + p_new = 1). |
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459 | // mAvgDbh[pi] = mAvgDbh[pi]*p_old + tree->dbh()*p_new; |
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460 | // mAvgHeight[pi] = mAvgHeight[pi]*p_old + tree->height()*p_new; |
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461 | // mAvgVolume[pi] = mAvgVolume[pi]*p_old + tree->volume()*p_new; |
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462 | // mTimeSinceDeath[pi] = mTimeSinceDeath[pi]*p_old + 1.*p_new; |
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463 | // mHalfLife[pi] = mHalfLife[pi]*p_old + species->snagHalflife()* p_new; |
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464 | |||
465 | // // average the decay rate (ksw); this is done based on the carbon content |
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466 | // // aggregate all trees that die in the current year (and save weighted decay rates to CurrentKSW) |
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467 | // if (tree->biomassStem()==0) |
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468 | // throw IException("Snag::addMortality: tree without stem biomass!!"); |
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469 | // p_old = mToSWD[pi].C / (mToSWD[pi].C + tree->biomassStem()* biomassCFraction); |
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470 | // p_new =tree->biomassStem()* biomassCFraction / (mToSWD[pi].C + tree->biomassStem()* biomassCFraction); |
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471 | // mCurrentKSW[pi] = mCurrentKSW[pi]*p_old + species->snagKsw() * p_new; |
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472 | // mNumberOfSnags[pi]++; |
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473 | |||
474 | // // finally add the biomass |
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475 | // CNPool &to_swd = mToSWD[pi]; |
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476 | // to_swd.addBiomass(tree->biomassStem(), species->cnWood(), tree->species()->snagKyr()); |
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477 | } |
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478 | |||
468 | werner | 479 | /// add residual biomass of 'tree' after harvesting. |
1088 | werner | 480 | /// remove_{stem, branch, foliage}_fraction: percentage of biomass compartment that is *removed* by the harvest operation [0..1] (i.e.: not to stay in the system) |
528 | werner | 481 | /// records on harvested biomass is collected (mTotalToExtern-pool). |
468 | werner | 482 | void Snag::addHarvest(const Tree* tree, const double remove_stem_fraction, const double remove_branch_fraction, const double remove_foliage_fraction ) |
483 | { |
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713 | werner | 484 | addBiomassPools(tree, |
485 | 0., 1.-remove_stem_fraction, // "remove_stem_fraction" is removed -> the rest goes to soil |
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486 | 0., 1.-remove_branch_fraction, // "remove_branch_fraction" is removed -> the rest goes directly to the soil |
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487 | 1.-remove_foliage_fraction); // the rest of foliage is routed to the soil |
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488 | // const Species *species = tree->species(); |
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468 | werner | 489 | |
713 | werner | 490 | // // immediate flows: 100% of residual foliage, 100% of fine roots: they go to the labile pool |
491 | // mLabileFlux.addBiomass(tree->biomassFoliage() * (1. - remove_foliage_fraction), species->cnFoliage(), tree->species()->snagKyl()); |
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492 | // mLabileFlux.addBiomass(tree->biomassFineRoot(), species->cnFineroot(), tree->species()->snagKyl()); |
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540 | werner | 493 | |
713 | werner | 494 | // // for branches, add all biomass that remains in the forest to the soil |
495 | // mRefractoryFlux.addBiomass(tree->biomassBranch()*(1.-remove_branch_fraction), species->cnWood(), tree->species()->snagKyr()); |
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496 | // // the same treatment for stem residuals |
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497 | // mRefractoryFlux.addBiomass(tree->biomassStem() * (1. - remove_stem_fraction), species->cnWood(), tree->species()->snagKyr()); |
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468 | werner | 498 | |
713 | werner | 499 | // // split the corase wood biomass into parts (slower decay) |
500 | // double biomass_rest = (tree->biomassCoarseRoot()) * 0.2; |
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501 | // for (int i=0;i<5; i++) |
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502 | // mOtherWood[i].addBiomass(biomass_rest, species->cnWood(), tree->species()->snagKyr()); |
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540 | werner | 503 | |
504 | |||
713 | werner | 505 | // // for book-keeping... |
506 | // mTotalToExtern.addBiomass(tree->biomassFoliage()*remove_foliage_fraction + |
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507 | // tree->biomassBranch()*remove_branch_fraction + |
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508 | // tree->biomassStem()*remove_stem_fraction, species->cnWood()); |
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468 | werner | 509 | } |
510 | |||
588 | werner | 511 | // add flow from regeneration layer (dead trees) to soil |
595 | werner | 512 | void Snag::addToSoil(const Species *species, const CNPair &woody_pool, const CNPair &litter_pool) |
588 | werner | 513 | { |
514 | mLabileFlux.add(litter_pool, species->snagKyl()); |
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515 | mRefractoryFlux.add(woody_pool, species->snagKyr()); |
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1160 | werner | 516 | DBGMODE( |
517 | if (isnan(mLabileFlux.C) || isnan(mRefractoryFlux.C)) |
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518 | qDebug("Snag::addToSoil: NaN in C Pool"); |
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519 | ); |
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588 | werner | 520 | } |
534 | werner | 521 | |
607 | werner | 522 | /// disturbance function: remove the fraction of 'factor' of biomass from the SWD pools; 0: remove nothing, 1: remove all |
523 | /// biomass removed by this function goes to the atmosphere |
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524 | void Snag::removeCarbon(const double factor) |
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525 | { |
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526 | // reduce pools of currently standing dead wood and also of pools that are added |
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527 | // during (previous) management operations of the current year |
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528 | for (int i=0;i<3;i++) { |
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609 | werner | 529 | mTotalToDisturbance += (mSWD[i] + mToSWD[i]) * factor; |
607 | werner | 530 | mSWD[i] *= (1. - factor); |
531 | mToSWD[i] *= (1. - factor); |
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532 | } |
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534 | werner | 533 | |
607 | werner | 534 | for (int i=0;i<5;i++) { |
609 | werner | 535 | mTotalToDisturbance += mOtherWood[i]*factor; |
607 | werner | 536 | mOtherWood[i] *= (1. - factor); |
537 | } |
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538 | } |
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539 | |||
540 | |||
541 | /// cut down swd (and branches) and move to soil pools |
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542 | /// @param factor 0: cut 0%, 1: cut and slash 100% of the wood |
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543 | void Snag::management(const double factor) |
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544 | { |
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545 | if (factor<0. || factor>1.) |
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546 | throw IException(QString("Invalid factor in Snag::management: '%1'").arg(factor)); |
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547 | // swd pools |
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548 | for (int i=0;i<3;i++) { |
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549 | mSWDtoSoil += mSWD[i] * factor; |
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1202 | werner | 550 | mRefractoryFlux += mSWD[i] * factor; |
607 | werner | 551 | mSWD[i] *= (1. - factor); |
1202 | werner | 552 | //mSWDtoSoil += mToSWD[i] * factor; |
553 | //mToSWD[i] *= (1. - factor); |
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607 | werner | 554 | } |
555 | // what to do with the branches: now move also all wood to soil (note: this is note |
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556 | // very good w.r.t the coarse roots... |
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557 | for (int i=0;i<5;i++) { |
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558 | mRefractoryFlux+=mOtherWood[i]*factor; |
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559 | mOtherWood[i]*=(1. - factor); |
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560 | } |
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561 | |||
562 | } |
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563 | |||
564 |